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Ch. 16 -The East Asian World 1400-1800

Ch. 16 -The East Asian World 1400-1800. 16.1: China at Its Height. The Ming Dynasty. 1368-1644 Overthrow of Mongol rule Founded by Ming Hong Wu Many positive changes . 1406 – construction of Beijing “Imperial City” – power and prestige Admiral Zheng He

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Ch. 16 -The East Asian World 1400-1800

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  1. Ch. 16 -The East Asian World1400-1800 16.1: China at Its Height

  2. The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Overthrow of Mongol rule Founded by Ming Hong Wu Many positive changes

  3. 1406 – construction of Beijing • “Imperial City” – power and prestige • Admiral Zheng He • Sailed to and opened trade with SE Asia, India, Arabian Peninsula, East Africa • Promoted Chinese culture; brings new items to China

  4. Contacts with the West • 1514 - Portuguese arrive on coast of China • Chinese are ethnocentric and xenophobic • Cultural diffusion between Europe and China

  5. Decline of Ming • Internal power struggles • Corruption, high taxes • Epidemic • Suffering = unrest; leads to peasant revolt • Peasants take the capital of Beijing; Ming fall

  6. Qing Dynasty Set up by Manchus – 1644-1911 Manchu from present-day Manchuria Forced Chinese to adopt Manchu look Over time, were accepted and restored peace and prosperity Brought Chinese into imperial administration (lower positions)

  7. Emperor Kangxi • 1661 -1722; 61 year reign • Revered as greatest emperor • Christianity flourished • Emperor Qianlong • 1736-1795 • Expanded China to its greatest physical size • Corruption, high taxes, population growth lead to unrest • White Lotus Rebellion - 1796-1804, weakens government

  8. Europeans in China • Qing decline, Europeans seek more trade • Qing controlled trade with Europeans: • All Europeans traders confined to a small island just outside Guangzhou • Traders could reside there only from October through March • Europeans could deal only with a limited number of Chinese firms licensed by the government. • British desired more access to additional Chinese cities. • British had an unfavorable balance of trade with China because the Chinese government did not allow access to British manufactured good. • Britain imported tea, silk and porcelain by sending ever-increasing silver to China. • In 1973, Lord George Macartney visited Beijing to seek more liberal trade policies. • Emperor Qianlong rejects the British’s attempt.

  9. 16.2: Chinese Society and Culture

  10. Economy and Daily Life • Agricultural society – 85% farmers • Increase in population • 1390 - 80 million • 1700 - 300 million • Land shortages • Increase in manufacturing  trade • Lack of commercial capitalism • 2 reasons • Trade and manufacturing controlled by gov’t • Taxed manufacturing more than farming

  11. Family oriented Confucian ideals Elderly very respected Women were subordinate to men Footbinding – status symbol

  12. Chinese Art and Literature • Literature • More books purchased • Realistic social novels written • Architecture and art • Imperial City • Complex of palaces and temples • Blue and white porcelain

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