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Expanding West

Expanding West. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Purchased Louisiana Territory from the French Mississippi R.  Rocky Mtns Monroe Doctrine John Q. Adams, Sec. of State, acquired many territories (Oregon, Florida, north)

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Expanding West

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  1. Expanding West • Louisiana Purchase, 1803 • Purchased Louisiana Territory from the French • Mississippi R.  Rocky Mtns • Monroe Doctrine • John Q. Adams, Sec. of State, acquired many territories (Oregon, Florida, north) • Other countries (Spain, Portugal, Russia) interested in reclaiming colonies in N. & S. America • Monroe Doctrine = opposition to European interference in Western Hemisphere

  2. Expanding West • Manifest Destiny: belief that one is ordained by God to expand to new territory • New settlers took trails westward • Santa Fe Trail, Oregon Trail • Gold Rush • Gold discovered near the Sierra Nevadas drew thousands of settlers to the west • Forty-niners: prospectors who moved to CA during the gold rush • Indian Removal Act, 1830 • Provided fed. $ to negotiate treaties w/ Native Americans to force them westward • Cherokee refused to leave but were forced, despite a court ruling • Trail of Tears: Cherokee people were gathered in camps & made to walk the 800+ miles from GA to the west • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/weshallremain/the_films/episode_3_trailer • Texas Revolution  Mexican American War

  3. Conflict & Change • Changes for Native Americans • Market revolution • Changes for women • Early industries of N & S • N v. S on slavery (Missouri Compromise) • Abolition movement

  4. Conflict & Change • Market Revolution: shift in the U.S. economy from making one’s own goods to buying & selling products • National economy grew quickly • Free enterprise (freedom of businesses to operate competitively) & entrepreneurs (businesspeople who start and invest in new industries) both contributed to this growth • New inventions & products • Products that made life more comfortable • Inventions that improved business • 1837 = telegraph – Samuel B. Morse • Better transportation systems: canals & steamboats, railroads & steam-powered locomotives

  5. Conflict & Change • Impacts • Buying & selling across various U.S. regions • North & Midwest began to industrialize • Growth of factory work (ex: Lowell textile mills) • Poor working conditions in factories led to workers’ strikes (stop work to force employer to meet demands) • First unions to organize workers & secure rights/benefits • Increases in immigration (settling in a new country) in the mid 1800s – millions added to the U.S. population • Mostly European (Irish), some Asian

  6. Conflict & Change • Social reform: an organized attempt to improve what is unjust or imperfect in society • During Jackson era, more people could vote than ever before; reform mov’ts started to affect politics • Political ideals • Politics was becoming more democratic. People pointed to the Declaration of Independence’s promise of liberty and equality. • Questioned slavery as undemocratic • Began to ask why women had few rights • Religious ideals • Second Great Awakening—stressed free will; said that individuals could save their souls by their own actions. • “Individual salvation is the first step toward reforming the world.” This message inspired people to improve society.

  7. Conflict & Change • Native Americans • Were offered deals to vacate land to accommodate American expansion • Often forced to leave (Trail of Tears) • Received small amount of land & money in these deals • Isolated into reservations in undesirable locations • Did not live & work among Americans; some minor trading of crops, clothing, and animal furs • Were not seen as U.S. citizens • Handled by Dept. of State or Dept. of War • Did not have rights of U.S. citizens (e.g. voting) • No protection from federal gov’t • No public schools until 1860s • Gov’t began creating day schools (leave reservation each day for school) & boarding schools

  8. Conflict & Change • Women • Were citizens but not equal to men • Could not vote, get full education, or hold certain jobs; if married, wages & property went to her husband only • Were highly involved in reform movements • Abolition (mov’t to end slavery), women’s rights, temperance (mov’t to control alcohol consumption) • Started conventions, founded schools, opened women’s medical facilities, wrote books & articles • Education • Most girls did not go past elementary school • 1821 = Troy Female Seminary; classes in math, social studies, languages, music, art, and English; Emma Willard=founder • 1833: Oberlin College becomes 1st co-ed college (4 women)

  9. Conflict & Change • African Americans • Limited acceptance in white society • Some states saw them as slaves, some as free citizens • Could not vote or hold certain jobs • Could not get an equal education • Some schools set up for blacks in the North (some public, most private) • 1854: Pennsylvania opens first college for African American men • Abolition mov’t • Antislavery societies formed • Some advocated free citizenship, some emigration to Africa • Underground Railroad helped slaves escape to North • Conventions held; newspapers published (“The Liberator”) • Rebellions began among slaves • Turner’s Rebellion – 1831

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