Expanding Markets and Moving West

1. CHAPTER Expanding Markets and Moving West 9 Overview Time Lines 1 The Market Revolution SECTION 2 Manifest Destiny SECTION 3 Expansion in Texas SECTION 4 The War with Mexico SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 9 Economic Opportunity Cultural Diversity Immigration and Migration Constitutional Concerns CHAPTER Expanding Markets and Moving West 9 HOME “Why should we weep to sail in search of fortune? Cheer for the West, the new and happy land.” Ignatius Donnelly, reformer

3. What do you know? • What do you already know about the technological advances of the mid-19th century? Read the quote above and answer the following: • What did people expect to gain by settling in this “new and happy land”? • Why did the West attract the American people? CHAPTER Expanding Markets and Moving West 9 HOME “Why should we weep to sail in search of fortune? Cheer for the West, the new and happy land.” Ignatius Donnelly, reformer

4. 1825The Erie Canal connects the East to the regions west of the Appalachians. 1832Chief Black Hawk leads Sauk in rebellion against the United States. 1836Sam Houston is elected president of the Republic of Texas. 1837John Deere invents the steel plow. 1844Samuel F.B. Morse sends first long distance telegraph message. 1847Brigham Young and the Mormons found Salt Lake City. 1848Gold is discovered in California.Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends U.S. war with Mexico. CHAPTER Time Line 9 HOME The United States

5. 1826Russia declares war on Iran. 1828Uruguay becomes an independent republic. 1833Great Britain passes first child labor law. 1835Ferdinand I becomes emperor of Austria. 1842Treaty of Nanjing resolves Opium War between Britain and China. 1847Liberia becomes a republic. 1848Marx and Engels issue the Communist Manifesto. CHAPTER Time Line 9 HOME The World

6. Learn About innovations in transportation, communication, and manufacturing during the early 19th century. To Understand how markets for products grew rapidly throughout the United States. SECTION 1 The Market Revolution HOME

7. SECTION 1 The Market Revolution HOME Key Idea Technological changes create greater economic interdependence and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation.

8. 1839 Goodyear develops vulcanized rubber. 1825 Erie Canal opens. 1846 Howe patents sewing machine. 1825 1850 1837 Deere invents steel plow. 1844 Morse sends first telegraph message. SECTION 1 The Market Revolution HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What are some of the important innovations in transportation, communication, and manufacturing during the early 19th century.

9. COMPARING Describe the economies of the different regions of the United States in the mid-1800s. SECTION 1 The Market Revolution HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS During the 1830s and 1840s, transportation and communication linked the country more than ever before. How did these advances affect ordinary Americans? THINK ABOUT • the new kinds of transportation • changes in communications SECTION 1 The Market Revolution HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the lure of the West and the idea of Manifest Destiny. To Understand why Americans moved West in growing numbers. SECTION 2 Manifest Destiny HOME

12. SECTION 2 Manifest Destiny HOME Key Idea Increasing numbers of people move west and use the idea of Manifest Destiny to justify settling the land.

13. Oregon Trail Mormon Trail Santa Fe Trail Settlers sought freedom from religious persecution SECTION 2 Manifest Destiny HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING Compare some of the motives of settlers on the Oregon, Santa Fe, and Mormon trails. Some settlers were attracted by new markets for goods and services. All Settlers sought new economic opportunities.

14. EVALUATING What were the benefits and drawbacks of the belief in manifest destiny? THINK ABOUT • the various reasons for the move westward • the settlers’ point of view • the impact on Native Americans • the impact on the nation as a whole SECTION 2 Manifest Destiny HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. ANALYZING ISSUES Do the same attitudes exist today that created the concept of manifest destiny? THINK ABOUT • issues and events that resulted in a belief in manifest destiny • effects of this belief on U.S. residents, including Native Americans SECTION 2 Manifest Destiny HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About the issues involved in American settlement in Texas. To Understand why America and Mexico came into conflict over Texas. SECTION 3 Expansion in Texas HOME

17. SECTION 3 Expansion in Texas HOME Key Idea American settlers flock to Texas when Mexico offers land grants, but conflict develops over religion and other cultural differences, including slavery.

18. Mexico Settlers To protect northern provinces; to bring in U.S. goods. To use land grants to set up homesteads. Goals Offers land grants, closes borders, and institutes patrols. Ignore Mexican rules by bringing in slaves.Ignore border restrictions and try to negotiate with Mexico. Actions Refuses purchase offers; loses Texas to the United States. Win independence; form the Republic of Texas. Outcomes SECTION 3 Expansion in Texas HOME 3 Section Assessment ANALYZING What were the relationships between Mexican authorities and Americans settling in Texas?

19. COMPARING Compare and contrast Santa Anna and Stephen F. Austin as leaders. THINK ABOUT • Santa Anna’s role as president of Mexico • Santa Anna’s qualities as a military leader • Austin’s settlement in Texas • Austin’s abilities as a negotiator SECTION 3 Expansion in Texas HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. SYNTHESIZING Which group or country gained the most from the entry of Texas into the United States? Who lost the most? SECTION 3 Expansion in Texas HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the American war with Mexico. To Understand how the United States pursued its goal of expanding across the continent. SECTION 4 The War with Mexico HOME

22. SECTION 4 The War with Mexico HOME Key Idea Tension over U.S. annexation of Texas leads to war with Mexico and results in huge territorial gains for the United States.

23. Causes: 1846 Britain and United States set northwest boundary at 49th parallel Effect: 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo includes Mexican cession Present-day U.S. borders 1853 Gadsden Purchase SECTION 4 The War with Mexico HOME 4 Section Assessment RECOGNIZING EFFECTS How were the boundaries of the U.S. mainland formed?

24. EVALUATING How would you evaluate President Polk’s attitude and behavior toward Mexico? THINK ABOUT • Polk’s position on expansion • his actions once in office • his relationship with Santa Anna SECTION 4 The War with Mexico HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. FORMING OPINIONS Would you have supported the controversial war with Mexico? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the positions of the North and South on the war • the different viewpoints of the United States and Mexico SECTION 4 The War with Mexico HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 9 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. In what ways did the Erie Canal connect the western territories and the northeast? 2. What inventions and technological advancements changed lives as part of the market revolution? 3. How did the inventions and innovations of the mid-19th century encourage various regions to specialize in certain industries? 4. Why was the concept of manifest destiny such an appealing one to America in the 1840s? 5. Describe the factors that drew settlers west during the first half of the 19th century.

27. 9 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. What made Americans want to settle in Texas? 7. What were the causes of the war between Americans and Mexicans over Texas? 8. Describe the battle of the Alamo and explain why it is an important symbol in U.S. history. 9. What developments caused the United States to go to war with Mexico? 10. How did the United States pursue its goal of expanding across the continent in the 1840s?