Medical Terminology Unit Two

1. Medical TerminologyUnit Two Organization of the Body

2. Organization of the Body • Introduction: • Cells. • Tissues. • Organs. • systems

3. Body Systems: • Cardiovascular system: • Heart, blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). • Digestive system • Endocrine system: • Glands, hormones, • Female reproductive system. • Lymphatic system: • Lymph vessels, lymph, and nodes. • Play an important role in the immunity.

4. Body Systems: • Male reproductive system. • Musculoskeletal system: • Muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues. • Supports the body and allows it to move. • Nervous system. • Respiratory system. • Skin and sense organ system. • Urinary system

5. Body Cavities: • A body cavity is a space that contains organs. • Cranial cavity: • Located in the head and is surrounded by the skull (crani/o means skull). • Contains the brain, pituitary gland, …. • Thoracic cavity: • The chest cavity (thorac/o means chest). • Contains the lungs, heart, trachea, bronchial tubes, …. • The lung is surrounded by a double membrane known as the pleura. • The space between the pleura that surrounding each lung is the pleural cavity. • The large space between the lungs is the mediastinum. The heart, esophagus, trachea, and bronchial tubes are organs within the mediastinum.

6. Body Cavities: • Abdominal cavity: • The space below the thoracic cavity. • The diaphragm is the muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. • Contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, and small and large intestines. • The organs in the abdomen are covered by a membrane called the peritoneum.

7. Body Cavities: • Pelvic cavity: • Below the abdominal cavity. • Surrounded by the pelvis (bones of the hip). • Contains urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum and anus, and the uterus. • Spinal cavity: • The space surrounded by the spinal column. • The spinal cord is the nervous tissue within the spinal cavity. • Nerves enter and leave the spinal cord and carry messages to and from all parts of the body.

9. Divisions of the Back: • The spinal column is a long row of bones from the neck to the tailbone. • Each bone in the spinal column is called vertebra. • A piece of flexible connective tissue, called disk (or disc), lies between each backbone.

10. Divisions of the Back: The spinal column is divided into the following divisions: Division Bones Abbreviation • Cervical (neck) region 7 vertebrae C1 – C7 • Thoracic (chest) region 12 vertebrae T1 – T12 • Lumbar (loin or waist) 5 bones L1 – L5 • Sacral (sacrum or low back) 5 vertebrae S1 – S5 • Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) 4 bones

11. The spinal column is divided into the following divisions: Division Bones Abbreviation • Cervical (neck) region 7 vertebrae • Thoracic (chest) region 12 vertebrae • Lumbar (loin or waist) 5 bones • Sacral (sacrum or low back) 5 vertebrae S1 – S5 • Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) 4 bones

12. Planes of The Body: • A plane is an imaginary flat surface. • The followings are three planes of the body: • Frontal (coronal) plane: • An up-and-down plane that divides the body or an organ into front (anterior, or A) and back (posterior, or P) portions. For example, routine chest x-ray (A/P or P/A). • Sagittal (lateral) plane: • A plane that divide the body or an organ into a right and left side. • Transverse (axial) plane: • A plane that divide the body or an organ into upper and lower portions, as in a cross section.

13. A plane is an imaginary flat surface. • The followings are three planes of the body: • Frontal (coronal) plane • Sagittal (lateral) plane • Transverse (axial) plane

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