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Mitochondria and Respiration

Mitochondria and Respiration. General features of mitochondria Experimental systems Glucose oxidation & substrate level phosphorylation The respiratory electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation. A. General Features. Origins: the endosymbiotic hypothesis Structure Outer membrane

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Mitochondria and Respiration

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  1. Mitochondria and Respiration • General features of mitochondria • Experimental systems • Glucose oxidation & substrate level phosphorylation • The respiratory electron transport chain • Oxidative phosphorylation

  2. A. General Features • Origins: the endosymbiotic hypothesis • Structure • Outer membrane • Intermembrane space • Inner membrane • Matrix • Posttranslational import of mitochondrial proteins from the cytoplasm • Mitochondrial replication

  3. B. Experimental Systems • Mitochondrial preparations • Whole cells/tissue slices • Intact mitochondria • Submitochondrial particles • Reconstituted protein systems • Methods to measure respiratory activity • Oxygen uptake (oximetry) • Difference spectroscopy • Dye reduction • ATP production

  4. B. Experimental Systems • Methods to track electron movements • Use of different electron donors and inhibitors • Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

  5. C. Glucose Oxidation & Substrate-Level Phosphorylation • Review of basic terms • Oxidation and Reduction • Redox Cofactors • ATP • Glycolysis • Acetyl CoA formation and the TCA cycle

  6. D. The Respiratory Electron Transport Chain • Overview • Types of electron carriers in the chain • Flavoproteins • Cytochromes • Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) • Iron-sulfur proteins • The respiratory electron chain pathway

  7. E. Oxidative phosphorylation • Mitchell’s chemiosmotic model for ATP formation • The structure of ATP synthase • Conformational changes and the rotational catalysis of ATP formation • Other roles of the proton gradient

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