1 / 21

The Skeletal system

The Skeletal system. The Skeletal System. An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. These include: - 22 Cranial and Facial Bones - 6 Ear Bones - 1 Throat Bone - 4 Shoulder Bones - 25 Chest Bones - 26 Vertebral Bones - 6 Arm and Forearm bones - 54 Hand Bones - 2 Pelvic Bones

giles
Download Presentation

The Skeletal system

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Skeletal system

  2. The Skeletal System • An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. • These include: • - 22 Cranial and Facial Bones • - 6 Ear Bones • - 1 Throat Bone • - 4 Shoulder Bones • - 25 Chest Bones • - 26 Vertebral Bones • - 6 Arm and Forearm bones • - 54 Hand Bones • - 2 Pelvic Bones • - 8 Leg Bones • - 52 Foot Bones

  3. You need to know: • The functions of the skeletal system • The movement possibilities at hinge and ball & socket joints • Knee/Elbow • Shoulder • Understand how regular exercise benefits the skeletal system

  4. What are the functions of the skeletal system?

  5. Task • Read through the example of Tom Daley on pg 153. • Make up your own sporting example that shows all three functions of the skeletal system in action

  6. What is a joint? A joint is a place where two or more bones meet

  7. Joints • The human skeleton is jointed to allow movement. • Muscular contraction causes the bones to move about the joints. • The bones act as levers with the joints acting as pivots. A joint iswhere two or more bones meet andmuscles act together to cause movement.

  8. Freely Moveable Joints • Freely Moveable joints are also known as Synovial Joints. • They are freely moving and occur where 2 or more bones meet. • There are about 70 freely moveable joints in the human skeleton. A typical synovial joint has the following characteristics: 1.Cartilage – A material which covers the end of each bone, and which helps prevent friction between the joint. 2.JointCapsule – The outer covering of the joint that holds the bones together and protects the joint. 3.SynovialMembrane – The inner lining of the joint capsule which also produces synovial fluid. 4.SynovialFluid – The fluid which surrounds the joint and acts like an ‘oil’, lubricating it to allow easy movement. 5.Ligaments – These are elastic straps which join bone to bone, holding the joint together. 6.Tendons – These are non-elastic straps which join muscle to bone.

  9. Examples of Hinge Joints Elbow Joint Knee Joint These joints can be moved in the following ways: • Flexion (Bend) • Extension (Straighten)

  10. Examples of Ball & Socket Joints Hip Joint Shoulder Joint These joints can be moved in the following ways: • Flexion (Bend) • Extension (Straighten) • Rotation (Circle) • Abduction (Move away from the body) • Adduction (Move towards the body)

  11. Exercise and the Skeletal system • Bones continue to grow until about the age of 18 • Exercise can increase bone density • Ligaments and tendons become thicker and stronger aiding flexibility and power in movement • Young people must be careful not to do too much of certain types of exercise (long distance running/weight lifting) as this can can bones to grow irregularly

  12. Importance of weight-bearing exercise and Osteoporosis • As people age their bones become lighter, less dense and can become weaker • In extreme cases they can break easily, this condition is known as osteoporosis

  13. Importance of weight-bearing exercise and Osteoporosis • To avoid onset, appropriate activities such as walking, running, skipping and aerobics put pressure on bones increasing their strength. Other activities for more senior citizens that are not weight-bearing but are beneficial include swimming, cycling or aqua- aerobics

  14. Diet & the Skeletal system • Eating a balanced calcium rich diet helps the bones grow & increase in density. • Found in Milk, Cheese & Yoghurt • Vitamin D is essential to growth and maintenance of healthy bones and helps with the absorption of calcium. • It is made by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight • Smoking & too much alcohol have a toxic effect on bones

  15. Injuries to the skeletal system

  16. Injuries to the skeletal system • Research & make notes on the following using pages 158-160 • Injuries to Bones • Fractures • What is a fracture? • What are the different types of fracture? • Injuries to Joints • Tennis & Golfer’s Elbow • Dislocations • Sprains • Torn Cartilage

  17. Fractures • A broken or cracked bone. • Occurs as a result of direct or indirect force.

  18. Tennis & Golfer’s elbow • Overuse injuries to the tendons at the elbow joint. • The main symptom is pain on the elbow • Tennis – outside • Golf – inside You can develop these conditions even if you do not play these sports.

  19. Dislocations • Where a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position. • Often as a result of a hard blow which causes the bone to be displaced. • Symptoms include: • Deformity and swelling at the joint which is locked in position • If in any doubt, treat as a fracture

  20. Sprains • A damaged ligament caused by wrenching or twisting. • One of the most common sprains in sport is a twisted ankle. • Symptoms: • Pain around the joint • Swelling • Visible bruising

  21. Torn cartilage • Cartilage is a firm elastic substance found at the ends of the bones of a synovial joint. • Torn piece of cartilage moves in the joint and can become caught or wedged between the bones. • Symptoms: • Pain around the knee joint • Swollen knee • Difficulty in moving

More Related