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Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability

Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability. Hillevi Eriksson, Swedish Forest Agency. Contents. Climate Mitigation, debate Effects on production Sustainability Where are we now What may change?. Mitigation.

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Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability

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  1. Supply of wood energy from the forest related to climate and sustainability Hillevi Eriksson, Swedish Forest Agency

  2. Contents • Climate • Mitigation, debate • Effects on production • Sustainability • Where are we now • What may change?

  3. Mitigation • Climate mitigation policies will discriminate fossil fuels • C emission trading, C tax, less subsidies.. • Knowledge development and debate on GHG impact of biomass fuels • Direct/indirect, incl relative undisturbed forest • Reflected in policies, control systems,

  4. 23 % energy (black liqour, etc) 46 % pulpwood Annual harvest ~90 mill m3 36 % Pulp & Paper 16 % Pulp chips 46 % Saw logs 20 % Sawnwood 13 % energy (bark, sawdust, etc) 8 % energy (direct harvest) Source: Skogsindustrierna, 2003 and Official Statistics of Sweden Wood use in the Swedish forest sector ~6-8 % of tot biomass harvest: energy (branches and tops (and stumps)) 4

  5. Bioenergy development in Sweden 1970-2005 Share of domestic energy consumption • 1970: 9% • 1980: 11% • 1990: 15% • 2000: 20% • 2009: 29%

  6. Impact of climate change on forests- growth- damage- management

  7. Growing season (days > 5°C) 1961-90 2011-40 2041-70 B2 A2 Källa: Rossby Centre, SMHI

  8. Swedens annual air temperatures 1860-2008 year 8

  9. Relative production increase [%] (B2) Betula verr. Pinus sylv. Picea abies Källa: Johan Bergh, SLU

  10. …but also more damage Storm-felling Fire More browsing Root rot, pine weevil and spruce beetle are all favoured Insects generelly favoured Spring frost Pathogens +/-

  11. SMHI: Frequency of winds >25 m/s for S Sweden Hur ändras klimatet på Gotland? 11 Källa: Wern, L och Bärring, L., ”Sveriges vindklimat 1901-2008 Analys av förändring i geostrofisk vind” SMHI rapport i Meteorologi Nr 138/2009

  12. -Major conclusions • Warmer and wetter climate, wind? • Improved agro/forest production but also higher risk for damage/pathogens • Negative for biodiversity • Management adaptation • Risk spreading (tree species, silviculture, etc) • Better roads • Improved techniques for machinery for less soil/water impact • Developed considerations to biodiversity

  13. Sustainability - where are we now? • National legislation and recommendations • UNFF/CBD/Agenda 21 • Forest Europe (LBA?) • EU

  14. Preserve biodiversity Leave ”eternity trees”, shrubs and old dead wood (snags) No WTH where endangered species could be affected negatively Leave slash of less common species Leave part of the slash (> 20 %) Avoid deep track formation near water 14

  15. Forest environmental problems at present in Sweden Not enough forest area preserved Not enough ”pro-biodiv management” of preserved areas? Reports about harvest of snags Reports about increased damage on moist soils and brooks Level of ash recycling yet not sufficient to counteract acidifying effect

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