Chapter 11 Education In The 1980’s: Reagan, Bush, and Neoconservative Reform

1. Chapter 11Education In The 1980’s:Reagan, Bush, and Neoconservative Reform GILED 703 History of American Education Gorse – Koch- Piper – Glenn - Shields

2. Introduction The 1980’s were important in moving American education to a new reform agenda that involved everyone including: School Principals Teachers Pupils

3. Basic Education

4. Basic Education “A Return To The Basics”

5. The Politics Of EducationCarter to Reagan

6. President Jimmy Carter Major role in effecting establishment of the Department of Education in 1979

7. President Ronald Reagan Sought To: - focus the nation’s attention on the need for educational reform - use the federal government to encourage reform initiatives by state and local school districts - encourage specific educational initiatives such as merit review and pay for teachers and the restoration of discipline, patriotism, and traditional school values. - reduce federal expenditures for education

8. Terrel H. Bell Secretary of Education Term: 1981-1985

9. A Nation At Risk Terrel Bell appointed the National Commission on Excellence in Education in 1981. Chaired by David L. Gardner, president of the University of California. Commission was to review the quality of education in the county’s schools & colleges.

10. A Nation At Risk In 1983, the Commission on Excellence issued its report, A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform.

11. A Nation At Risk - School Curriculum - Teacher Education ( science & math) - Measures to Access Teacher Competency - Alternatives to the Conventional Teacher Salary - Businesses and Schools to Develop Educational Partnerships

12. A Nation At RiskIndianapolis - 1983

13. A Nation At Risk

14. Action For Excellence - Report of the Educational Commission of the States National Task Force on Education for Economic Growth. - Chaired by Governor James Hunt of North Carolina - Examined American education in relationship to economic productivity

15. Action For Excellence The commission sought to devise strategies for improving the quality of high school graduates. Areas that would aid in national economic growth & productivity.

16. Secondary Education Reform Ernest L. Boyer’s High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America. (The Carnegie Foundation) Coleman & Selby’s Educating Americans for the 21st Century. Theodore Sizer’s A Study of High Schools.

17. Secondary Education ReformCommon Themes of the Reports - Lower academic standards - Increased discipline problems - Lower student academic performance - Secondary school curriculum was diluted and lacked academic vigor - Low achievement in math and science

18. Competency Testing By 1988, forty-six states required some form of teacher competency testing. Came about by national reports done in the 1980’s. A Nation at Risk was one of those reports.

19. Out With The OldIn With The New

20. Technology & Education1980’s

21. AIDS Education1980’s

22. The George Bush Administration1988

23. Education InitiativesBush Administration - federal vouchers available to parents so that their children could attend public or private school of choice - voluntary testing program in key subjects that would constitute a national curriculum - encourage alternative patterns of teacher and school administrator certification

24. National Goals for Education1990 Report By the Year 2000: - All American children will enter school ready to learn - High school graduation rate will reach at least 90% - All students will demonstrate competency in English, math, science, and history. - U.S. students will rank # 1 in the world in math and science. - Every school in U.S. will be drug and violence free. - Every American adult will be literate and posses the knowledge and skills need for citizenship.

25. These Goals Were Debated then Overshadowed By: Persian Gulf War Communist Soviet system break-down

26. ConclusionEffective Schooling Do to reforms, education in the 1980’s developed into areas where: - the principal took a strong position as an academic leader - the teachers formed a cooperative body of educators who worked together to deliver academic instruction efficiently - the school had clearly announced goals and expectations of its students.

27. CONCLUSIONEffective Schooling in the Cafeteria

28. Progress Report Form # 1The Factual Base List of Ten Brief “Facts” From Chapter 11 1. Jimmy Carter 2. Ronald Reagan 3. George Bush 4. Basic Education 5. Terrel Bell 6. Nation at Risk 7. Action of Excellence 8. A Study of High Schools 9. AIDS Education 10. National Goals For Education

29. Progress Report Form # 1The Factual Base List of Nine Important Sources Used 1. American Education 1945-2000 ( A History & Commentary) 2. High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America 3. US News and World Report ( August 1988 ) 4. www.deptofeducation.com 5. www.shadysideacademy.org 6. New York Times Magazine ( Oct. 23, 1980) 7. www.ed.gov 8. www.education.yahoo.com 9. Biography of Ronald Reagan

30. Progress Report Form # 1The Factual Base The Three Important Questions To Investigate 1. Why did Ronald Reagan change his mind on education when he took office? 2. Why did Reagan appoint Terrel Bell Secretary of Education in 1981? 3. Why was A Nation At Risk an important education report during the 1980’s?

31. Education In The 1980’s:Reagan, Bush, and Neoconservative Reform THE END THANK-YOU!