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Domain Eubacteria

Domain Eubacteria. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Common ancestor. Kingdom: Animals. Domain Eukarya. Animal Characteristics . Heterotrophs must ingest others for nutrients Multicellular complex bodies No cell walls allows active transport Sexual reproduction

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Domain Eubacteria

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  1. Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Animals Domain Eukarya

  2. Animal Characteristics • Heterotrophs • must ingest others for nutrients • Multicellular • complex bodies • No cell walls • allows active transport • Sexual reproduction • no alternation of generations • no haploid gametophyte

  3. Check For Understanding: • If animals have NO haploid gametophyte stage, how does sexual reproduction work? • Meiosis Produces gametes, fertilization occurs inside the diploid female!

  4. Multicellular Diploid (2N) stages Produce gametes Human Life Cycle Example: Unicellular haploid Gametes (n) are produced by meiosis Diploid (2N) offspring grow and develop Fertilization occurs inside Female Zygote develops after fertilization

  5. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges specialization & body complexity multicellularity Ancestral Protist

  6. Invertebrate: Porifera food taken into each cell by endocytosis • Sponges • no distinct tissues or organs • do have specialized cells • no symmetry • sessile (as adults)

  7. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity Ancestral Protist

  8. Invertebrate: Cnidaria • Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral • tissues, but no organs • radial symmetry • predators • tentacles surround gut opening • extracellular digestion • release enzymes into gut cavity • absorption by cellslining gut polyp medusa

  9. mouth tentacles sensory cell discharged nematocyst stingingcell undischarged nematocyst hydra trigger stinging cell with nematocyst Stinging cells of Cnidarians

  10. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish flatworms radial bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity bilateral Ancestral Protist

  11. ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • tapeworm, planaria • mostly parasitic • bilaterally symmetrical • have right & left & then have head (anterior) end & posterior end • cephalization =development of brain • concentration of sense organs in head • increase specialization in body plan Animals nowface the world head on! acoelomate

  12. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms radial • body complexity  digestive & repro sys body cavity bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity bilateral Ancestral Protist

  13. Invertebrate: Nematoda • Roundworms • bilaterally symmetrical • body cavity • pseudocoelom = simple body cavity • digestive system • tube running through length of body (mouth to anus) • many are parasitic • hookworm C. elegans

  14. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks  digestive sys coelom radial • body complexity  digestive & repro sys body cavity bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity bilateral Ancestral Protist

  15. Invertebrate: Mollusca • Mollusks • slugs, snails, clams, squid • bilaterally symmetrical (with exceptions) • soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells • true coelem • increases complexity & specialization of internal organs

  16. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmentedworms redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmentation  digestive sys coelom radial • body complexity  digestive & repro sys body cavity bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity bilateral Ancestral Protist

  17. Invertebrate: Annelida • Segmented worms • earthworms, leeches • segments • increase mobility • redundancy in body sections • bilaterally symmetrical • true coelem fan worm leech

  18. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmentedworms insectsspiders redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmentation  digestive sys coelom radial • body complexity  digestive & repro sys body cavity bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity bilateral Ancestral Protist

  19. Invertebrate: Arthropoda • Spiders, insects, crustaceans • most successful animal phylum • bilaterally symmetrical • segmented • specialized segments • allows jointed appendages • exoskeleton • chitin (carbohydrate) + protein

  20. Arthropod groups arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp insects 6 legs, 3 body parts

  21. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmentedworms insectsspiders starfish redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmentation  body size endoskeleton  digestive sys coelom radial • body complexity  digestive & repro sys body cavity bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity bilateral Ancestral Protist

  22. Invertebrate: Echinodermata • Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber • radially symmetrical as adults • spiny endoskeleton • deuterostome loss of bilateral symmetry?

  23. Animal Evolution Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Porifera Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmentedworms insectsspiders starfish vertebrates • body & brain size,  mobility backbone redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmentation  body size endoskeleton  digestive sys coelom radial • body complexity  digestive & repro sys body cavity bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue specialization & body complexity multicellularity bilateral Ancestral Protist

  24. Chordata • Vertebrates • fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals • internal bony skeleton • backbone encasing spinal column • skull-encased brain • deuterostome hollow dorsal nerve cord becomes brain & spinal cord vertebrate embryo becomes gills or Eustachian tube Oh, look…your firstbaby picture! pharyngeal pouches becomes vertebrae postanal tail becomes tail or tailbone notochord

  25. Invertebrate quick check… Invertebrates: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata • Which group includes snails, clams, and squid? • Which group is the sponges? • Which are the flatworms? …segmented worms? …roundworms? • Which group has jointed appendages & an exoskeleton? • Which two groups have radial symmetry? • What is the adaptive advantage of bilateral symmetry? • Which group has no symmetry?

  26. Independent Practice • Using your table and page 741 of your text, summarize the characteristics of each branch point in the animal kingdom on your chart • Make sure to explain what the characteristic means (Use chapter 25.2) and to give several examples of animals in that group.

  27. Explain that Group: sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmentedworms insectsspiders starfish vertebrates 9 6 7 5 8 4 3 2 1 Ancestral Protist

  28. Homework (page 821): • Sketch and study the jellyfish lifecycle in your notes, labeling each stage. • Why do jellyfish not show alternation in generations? • How does a jellyfish asexually reproduce? Explain. • How does a jellyfish sexually reproduce?

  29. That’s the buzz! AnyQuestions?

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