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Evolution of Land Plants: The Journey from Aquatic to Terrestrial

Delve into the remarkable evolution of land plants, from their origins 500 million years ago to the emergence of specialized adaptations enabling survival on dry land. Explore the transitions in plant life cycles, the evolution of vascular systems, and the significant milestones in plant evolution through ancestral protists, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

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Evolution of Land Plants: The Journey from Aquatic to Terrestrial

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  1. Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Plants Domain Eukarya

  2. Evolution of Land Plants • 500 mya land plants evolved • special adaptations for life on dry land • _________________________________ • ____________________________ • _________________________________ • ____________________________ • _________________________________ • ____________________________ • ____________________________ • _________________________________ • ____________________________

  3. Plant Evolution • conifers • conifers • conifers colonization of land Ancestral Protist

  4. Animal life cycle diploidmulticellularindividual 2n haploidunicellular gametes 1n

  5. Plant life cycle diploidmulticellularindividual 2n gametes 1n spores 1n haploidunicellular gametes 1n

  6. haploid diploid Bryophytes: 1st land plants • __________________________________ • vascular system? • ___________________________ • no water transport system • no true roots • dominant stage? • ___________________________ • ___________________________ • fuzzy moss plant you are familiar with is haploid • reproduction? • ___________________________ • flagellated • spores • sprout to form gametophyte Where mustmosses live?

  7. diploid haploid Pteridophytes: 1st vascular plants • ________________________ • vascular system? • __________________________ • water transport system • xylem, phloem, roots, leaves • dominant stage? • __________________________ • __________________________ • reproduction? • __________________________ • flagellated • spores • sprout to form gametophyte Where mustferns live?

  8. Alternation of generations • Fern gametophyte (1n) • __________________: male & female gamete production on same plant archegonia antheridia

  9. Alternation of generations diploid produces male & female gametes haploid archegonia antheridia

  10. First seed plants: Gymnosperm • Gymnosperm: conifers • vascular system? • ___________________________ • xylem, phloem, roots, leaves • dominant stage? • ___________________________ • ___________________________ • reduction of gametophyte protects delicate egg & embryo in protective sporophyte • protected from drought & UV radiation • ___________________: male vs. female gametophytes • reproduction? • ___________________________ • naked seeds (no fruit) • ___________________________ • contain male gametophyte Where canconifers live?

  11. Cones & naked seeds

  12. sporangium & pollen male male (pollen) cones female female cones pine embryo

  13. First flowering plants • Angiosperm: flowering plants • vascular system? • ___________________________ • dominant stage? • ___________________________ • ___________________________ • protects egg & embryo • ______________________: male vs. female gametophytes • reproduction? • ______________________________ • ___________________________ • ______________________________ • ___________________________ • ______________________________ • contain male gametophyte

  14. ______ ______ ____________ ______ ______ ______________ ______________ ______________ Angiosperm life cycle male gametophyte = pollen grain (haploid) __________ sperm nuclei travel down pollen tube female gametophyte =ovary sac (haploid) doublefertilization new sporophytein seed (diploid)

  15. Stigma Carpel Style Anther Ovary Stamen Filament sepals petals Petal stamens Ovule carpel Sepal Flower • Modified shoot with 4 ringsof modified leaves • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • male • ____________ • female adaptations through mutations

  16. Seed & Plant embryo seed coat • Seed offers… • __________________________________________ • __________________________________________ endosperm (3n) cotyledons embryo (2n) cotyledons = “seed” leaves, first leaves of new plant

  17. Monocots & dicots • Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes • _______________________ • _________________________ • leaves with network of veins • woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans • _______________________ • _________________________ • leaves with parallel veins • grasses, palms, lilies

  18. Any Questions??

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