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Bacteria - Eubacteria. Domain Prokarya. Plantae. Monera. Bacteria-Eubacteria. Lumpers. Splitters. Shifting Kingdoms. Multicellular Animals. Archezoans. Euglenoids. Slime Molds. Archaebacteria. Brown Algae. Protozoans. Chrysophytes. Red algae. Green Algae. Bryophytes. Myxozoans.
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Bacteria - Eubacteria Domain Prokarya
Plantae Monera Bacteria-Eubacteria Lumpers Splitters Shifting Kingdoms
Multicellular Animals Archezoans Euglenoids Slime Molds Archaebacteria Brown Algae Protozoans Chrysophytes Red algae Green Algae Bryophytes Myxozoans True Fungi Tracheophytes Bacteria 8 5 3 2 1 Extant How Many Kingdoms? Extinct Long Time with Prokaryotes only Original Cell
Bacteria - Eubacteria • Ancient fossils 3.5 billion years b.p. • Archetype for prokaryotic organisms • Phototrophs • Chemoautotrophs • Heterotrophs • Saprobes • Parasites (bacteria benefit, host harmed) • Commensals (bacteria benefit, host unharmed) • Mutualists (bacteria and host both benefit) • Unicellular, colonial, filamentous • Bacillus, coccus, spirillum
+Para- site +Chl B H2S -Cell Wall +Parasite H2O +µtubule H2S +Chl A +gliding motility H2O +NAD +bacteriochlorophyll +NADP Gram negative Bacterial Phyla Rhodopseudomonads Extant Mycoplasmas Actinomycetes Purple nonsulfur Green Sulfur Clostrids Spirochetes Cyanobacteria Prochlorophytes Purple Sulfur Desulfovibrios Myxobacteria Rikettsias Extinct Gram positive Original Cell
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive Cyanobacteria Kingdom Bacteria to Domains Archaea and Eukarya Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs symbionts, parasites Rhizobium-legumes: N2 fixation Agrobacterium-host: Recombinant DNA Rickettsias: Rocky Mountain Fever likely source of mitochondrion by endosymbiosis Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs nutritionally diverse Nitrosomonas in soil: NH4+ NO2- ammonium nitrite Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs Photosynthetic: Chromatium CO2 + H2S CH2O + S(solid) Heterotrophic: Legionella-Legionnaires’ disease Enterics: Escherichia coli in your intestine Salmonella food poisoning Vibrio cholerae cholera Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs Myxobacteria: slime secretion, aggregation, spores Bdellovibrios: rapid locomotion 100m/sec penetrate prey bacteria 100 rps Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Gram-negative photoauto-, chemoauto-, hetero-trophs Helicobacter pylori: human stomach ulcers Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Gram-negative parasites inside animal cells Chlamydia trachomatis: blindness Non-gonococcal urethritis: common STD (most-common in USA!) Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Helical heterotrophs to 0.25 mm long but very thin! Rotational bacterial filament Free-living and pathogens: Treponema pallidum = syphilis Borrelia burgdorferi = Lyme disease Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive: very diverse Actinomycetes: branched chains tuberculosis, leprosy Soil: Streptomyces antibiotics Solitary: Bacillus, Clostridium anthrax, botulism Staphylococcus: clusters Streptococcus: chains “hospital diseases” Mycoplasmas 0.1m walking pneumonia Kingdom Bacteria Universal Ancestor
Domain Prokarya Proteobacteria Chlamydias Spirochetes Gram Positive Cyanobacteria likely source of chloroplast by endosymbiosis Kingdom Bacteria unicell, colony, filament photoautotrophs: CO2 + H2O O2 + CH2O heterocysts: N2 fixation N2 + H+ + ATP NH4+ Universal Ancestor