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Chapter 23 Music in America: Jazz and Beyond

Chapter 23 Music in America: Jazz and Beyond. Global Perspectives : African Drumming. Drumming Polyrhythm. Key Terms. African Drumming Drumming is central to most West African traditional music Came to the Americas via the slave trade Influenced many different styles, including jazz.

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Chapter 23 Music in America: Jazz and Beyond

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  1. Chapter 23Music in America: Jazz and Beyond Global Perspectives: African Drumming

  2. Drumming Polyrhythm Key Terms

  3. African Drumming Drumming is central to most West African traditional music Came to the Americas via the slave trade Influenced many different styles, including jazz Yoruba drumming Yoruba people live in eastern Togo, south & central Benin, & western Nigeria Many religious & non-religious uses of drumming Global Perspectives 3

  4. Syncopation and Polyrhythms • Rhythms of great vitality & complexity • Similar to beat syncopation, but much more complicated • One drum lays down a basic pulse • Other drums plays a variety of rhythms • At times underscore or duplicate main drum • More often they play more complicated & varied rhythms with extensive syncopation • Or they can play an entirely different pattern • Overlapped contrasting rhythms = polyrhythm

  5. “Ako” (1) • From the Egungun festival repertory • Used to invoke benign ancestral spirits • Played by virtuoso Yoruba drummers • Some clear polyrhythmic interactions • Constant pulse played by omele ako • Eki plays a recurring syncopated pattern • At 0:23–0:29, 0:50–0:53, 1:23–1:28, 2:13–2:19

  6. “Ako” (2) • Iya ilu (mother drum) departs freely from the main pulse throughout the piece • Takes role of a soloist, improvising against the regular, predictable patterns of the others • Easy to hear this drum’s two pitches, highest & lowest in the ensemble • At one point the iya ilu plays 3 + 3 • As if in triple meter against the steady 4 + 4 of the main pulse • At 0:40–0:44, 2:22–2:26

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