Daily Objective 11/29/12

1. Daily Objective11/29/12 • PowerPoint: Pre-Columbian Civilizations • Notes • Inca • Aztec • Mayan • Summary Activity • Notes Quiz

2. Pre-Columbian Civilizations

3. The First Americans -during the last Ice Age, the sea levels dropped so much that Asia & Alaska were attached by a land-bridge -25,000 years ago, groups of Asian hunters crossed the land bridge into Alaska search of food -after crossing the land-bridge, the new Americans spread southward into North, Central, & South America into the islands of the Caribbean -these peoples created their own separate civilizations -they settled along lakes and rivers

4. Native Americans -several civilizations emerged in Mesoamerica (Mexico & Central America) -this time was called “pre-Columbian” because it was before Christopher Columbus’ arrival in 1492 -they grew corn and other crops not known to people in Africa, Europe, & Asia -corn became the basic food crop in the Americas supporting the development of permanent settlements

5. Art in the New Americas -pre-Columbian art was highly developed -used to decorate temples and palaces -ceramic bowls carved with human & animal forms for religious purposes Gender Roles in Pre-Columbian Civilizations -Boys—given a machete & taught crafts to establish masculine role -Girls—given a stone tool used to grind maize and were taught to cook -Women: -major jobs were childbearing & raising the children & making maize into flour -other jobs included—harvesting grains, preparing food, & caring for animals -women could hold jobs outside the home as merchants and/or artisans

6. The Maya (1500 BC – 1546 AD) -the Maya developed in present-day Guatemala about 3000 years ago -each city had its own chief whom they considered half-man & half-god -Mayan Social Structure 1- peasant farmers lived in thatched huts & grew corn 2- craftsmen made luxuries for Maya nobles 3- the nobles performed sacred ceremonies Mayan Achievements -builders-built huge cities in the jungle w/large palaces, temples, & pyramids -writing system-developed their own hieroglyphics (language based on symbols) -math & science-complex numbering system, use of zero, 365 day calendar -artistry-painted colorful murals on pyramids, palaces, & temples, also developed a ball game played throughout the Americas

7. The Fall of the Mayans -around the 9th century, the Mayan culture experienced a great unexplained crisis -after migrating north to the Yucatan Peninsula, they built several city-states one of which, Chichen Itza, was well preserved -constant warfare from the 13th to 16th centuries led to the final decline of the Mayans

8. The Aztecs (1200 – 1521) - the Aztecswerelocated in the center of Mexico -they grew crops (corn) in “floating gardens” -aligned their temples based on the sun and the moon -constantly at war trying to conquer other people Social Structure -emperor—all powerful ruler at the top -nobles—held high positions in the army, government, or priesthood -commoners—biggest group, farmers, fishermen, craftsmen, and warriors -slaves--the lowest group

9. Aztec Beliefs -worshipped many Gods…most important was the Sun God -constructed accurate calendars of stone -they believed that the Sun God needed human blood to complete his daily journey across the sky -because of this, they had daily human sacrifices on a massive scale -captured warriors from other tribes as well as Aztecs that volunteered were used

10. The Inca Empire (1200 – 1535) • located a 1000 miles south of Mexico in the Andes Mountains • grew potatoes & other root crops and raised llamas & alpacas • Inca Achievements • built stone roads stretching over ten thousand miles to reach the distant corners of the their empire (present day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile) • food was preserved & kept in storehouses along the roads • used quipu, which was a way to keep records using knotted and colored ropes • engineering skills allowed them to building vast stone buildings by fitting stones together without using cement • built Machu Picchu with 50 ton blocks so well • a knife blade would not fit between the stones quipu

11. Machu Picchu

12. Notes • Turn to the notes section • Topics to be covered • Pre-Columbian Civilizations • Mayan • Aztecs • Incas

13. Notes:Pre-Columbian Civilizations • - 25,000 B.C.: Nomads from Asia crossed a land bridge to the Americas in search of food. • - Pre-Columbian: it was the time before Christopher Columbus’ arrival in 1492 • -they grew corn and other crops not known to people in Africa, Europe, & Asia • Gender roles: Men expected to hunt and protect, Woman expected to raise children

14. NotesTheMayan Empire (1500 BC – 1546 AD) -the Maya developed in present-day Guatemala about 3000 years ago -developed a form of writing and grew corn -Mayan Social Structure 1-the chief was half god & half man 2-nobles performed sacred ceremonies 3-craftsmen made luxuries for Maya nobles 4-peasant farmers lived in thatched huts & grew corn

15. The Aztecs (1200 – 1521) - constructed accurate calendars of stone -constantly at war trying to conquer other people Social Structure 1-emperor—all powerful ruler at the top 2-nobles—held high positions in the army, government, or priesthood 3-commoners—biggest group, farmers, fishermen, craftsmen, and warriors 4-slaves-the lowest group

16. Notes The Inca Empire (1200 – 1535) -located in South America in the Andes Mountains -grew potatoes Inca Achievements -built stone roads (ten thousand miles) -used quipu, which was a way to keep records using knotted and colored ropes -built vast stone buildings by fitting stones perfectly without using cement

17. Summary Activity • Turn to the next blank sheet in your notebook • Title: Pre-Columbian Civilizations • Write a 3-5 sentence summarizing the notes and lecture from today • When you are complete sit quietly and wait for the notes quiz

18. Notes QuizWrite the question • In your own words describe the Mayan Social Structure. • In your own words describe the Aztec Social Structure. • Where did the people of the Pre-Columbian civilizations migrate from and why? • In your own words define Pre-Columbian.