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The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution. Questions to answer today. Write them down!!!. What innovations/inventions led to the Agricultural Revolution? What contribution did the Agricultural Revolution have on the Industrial Revolution?

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The Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Industrial Revolution

  2. Questions to answer today.Write them down!!! • What innovations/inventions led to the Agricultural Revolution? • What contribution did the Agricultural Revolution have on the Industrial Revolution? • What advantages did Britain have in being the first nation to industrialize?

  3. Late 18c: French Economic Advantages • Napoleonic Code. • French communal law. • Free contracts • Open markets • Uniform & clear commercial regulations • Standards weights & measures. • Established technical schools. • The government encouraged & honored inventors & inventions. • Bank of France  European modelproviding a reliable currency.

  4. French Economic Disadvantages • Years of war • Supported the AmericanRevolution. • French Revolution. • Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars • Heavy debts. • High unemployment  soldiersreturning from the battlefronts. • French businessmen were afraid to take risks.

  5. Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?

  6. Industrial England: "Workshop of the World" That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

  7. The Enclosure Movement

  8. “Enclosed” Lands Today

  9. Metals, Woolens, & Canals

  10. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

  11. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] • More powerful than water is coal. • More powerful than wood is iron. • Innovations make steel feasible. • “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” • “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. • Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

  12. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

  13. Coal Mining in Britain:1800-1914

  14. Young Coal Miners

  15. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

  16. British Pig Iron Production

  17. Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

  18. Factory Production • Concentrates production in oneplace [materials, labor]. • Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. • Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor. • Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

  19. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  20. The Factory System • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

  21. Textile FactoryWorkers in England

  22. British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812

  23. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

  24. Jacquard’s Loom

  25. What advantages did the British have in early Industrialization? • Navigable water ways • Salt water harbors • Coal/iron deposits • Banking system • Stable political environment • Thriving middle class

  26. What advancements contributed to the Agricultural Revolution • Enclosure movement • What did that do? Effects? • Steel plow • Effects? • Crop Rotation • Effects? • Selective Breeding • Effects?

  27. What impact did the Agricultural Revolution have on the Industrial Revolution?

  28. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

  29. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

  30. The Power Loom

  31. James Watt’s Steam Engine

  32. Steam Tractor

  33. Steam Ship

  34. An Early Steam Locomotive

  35. Later Locomotives

  36. The Impact of the Railroad

  37. “The Great Land Serpent”

  38. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

  39. Crystal Palace: Interior Exhibits

  40. Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on Display

  41. Crystal Palace:American Pavilion

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