U.S. FOREIGN POLICY ON LATIN AMERICA

1. U.S. FOREIGN POLICY ON LATIN AMERICA Jeanne Almeida Dan Haines Alex May Kawansi Taylor

2. 3 MAIN GOALS: • Consolidating the region as a strategic partner. • Accommodating challenges from the Left. • Alleviating Narco-terrorism problems. GEORGE W. BUSH’S POLICIES

3. Bush got rid of Guerillas in Colombia which led to 66% approval rating. • Tried to keep Latin American countries democratic. • Overall Bush’s approval in Latin America was low. BUSH’S POLICIES CONT. Daniel Barrera – Colombian Drug Lord

4. Presidency marked w/ empty promises • Swore to promote free trade and U.S. business interests • Economic conflict • Immigration Promises • Millennium Challenge US MEXICAN RELATIONS UNDER BUSH

5. Colin Powell: Secretary of State • Very nationalistic approach to LA relations • Emphasized trade, market reform, and an over-simplified view of democracy • EXTREMELY opposed to left-wing regimes • Supported Reich and Noriega

6. Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Otto Reich Roger Noreiga EXTREMELY Anti-Leftist

7. Condoleezza Rice: Secretary of State • Strongly argued for Latin American Reform • Similar policies as Powell • More respectful of Leftist LA officials • Big supporter of the Organization of American States (OAS)

8. Close Guantanamo Bay • Improve relations with Cuba • Open up trade with Cuba • Reestablish US leadership in Latin American countries • Create economic security within Latin American countries by increasing aid to the region. • Develop a closer relationship with Brazil. • Increase production of renewable energy sources. BARACK OBAMA’S L.A. FOREIGN POLICY GOALS

9. At the Summit of the Americas, Obama reaches out to controversial Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and is warmly received. After nearly a decade of strained relations, Chávez declares a "new era" has begun and pledges to send an ambassador back to the US to begin re-establishing diplomatic relations. OBAMA & CHAVEZ

10. Hillary Clinton: Secretary of State • Shares several of Obama’s goals for relations with Latin America. • Unpopular in some countries due to remarks viewed as inappropriate. • Honduras Constitutional Crisis & Manuel Zelaya.

11. U.S. & Brazil signed ten bilateral agreements • Education initiatives have created new academic and research partnerships. • Obama’s-100,000 Strong in Americas • Rousseff’s-Science Without Borders • The two countries signed an agreement in 2011 to enhance cooperation on trade and investment. U.S.-BRAZILIAN RELATIONS UNDER OBAMA

12. USAID is concluding its bilateral support to: • Prevent and control tuberculosis • Support HIV/AIDS prevention. • Promote clean energy technologies in Brazil, and mitigate climate change • Ongoing programs continue to preserve natural ecosystems, and foster sustainable forest management in Brazil. • These exchanges strengthen U.S. and Brazilian institutional partnerships, develop a workforce prepared for 21st century opportunities, and contribute to long-term economic growth for both countries. CONT.

13. Department of Homeland Security said that it is considering using the National Guard to counter the threat of drug violence in Mexico from spreading to the US. • Obama administration outlined plans to redeploy more than 500 federal agents to border posts. • Outlined plans to redirect $200 million to combat smuggling of illegal drugs, money and weapons • 1,200 National Guard troops sent to the U.S.-Mexico border in 2010. U.S.-MEXICAN RELATIONS UNDER OBAMA

14. Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Thomas Shannon Jr. Arturo Valenzuela 2005-2009 Now US ambassador to Brazil Defends Bush’s involvement in LA 2009 - 2011 Praises LA relations Approves of Obama’s LA policy

15. What challenges surround the expansion of NAFTA? • How has the measures that Obama has taken strengthened U.S.-Brazilian relations? • Do you think Obama would’ve been more successful with his policies if Bush had been more favored in Latin America? DISCUSSION QUESTIONS