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Understanding Love: Biblical Insights on Agape, Phileo, and Eros

Discover the profound meanings of love in the Bible, from agape as esteem to phileo as friendship. Explore the significance of longsuffering, kindness, and zeal in relationships. Uncover how love surpasses spiritual gifts in Corinthians.

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Understanding Love: Biblical Insights on Agape, Phileo, and Eros

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  1. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  2. Eros--Sexual love. Not used in New Testament. • Stergein—Natural love. Not used in the New Testament. • Phileo- Friendly love - More nearly represents tender affection. • Agapao— “Love which is awakened by a sense of value in an object which causes one to prize it . . . It is a love of esteem and approbation” (Weust). Act of the will – not emotion - (Mt. 5:43-48; Mk 12:29-31; Jn. 3:16) Words Used In 1st Century Koine Greek Literature: W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  3. Jesus & His Disciples – John 13:1 • Jesus’ Instructions To His Disciples – John 13:31-35; 15:9-12 • Followers of Christ Are To Have A Deep And Abiding Love For Each Other – Hebrews 13:1; 1 Peter 1:22 • A Test of Discipleship – 1 John 3:10,11,14-23; 4:7,8,20-5:3 W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  4. I show you a more excellent way. 1 Cor. 12:31 • Gifts are worthless without love– (1-3) • Characteristics of love prove love’s superiority – (4-7; cf. 1 Cor. 8:1) • The permanence of love demonstrates its value over spiritual gifts – (8-13) W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  5. 1 Cor. 13:1-3 (NKJV) Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I have become sounding brass or a clanging cymbal. [2] And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. [3] And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, but have not love, it profits me nothing. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  6. The Greek word is makrothumia • Literally, it means being "long-tempered" (the opposite of short-tempered) • "Longsuffering is that quality of self-restraint in the face of provocation which does not hastily retaliate or promptly punish. It is the opposite of anger and is associated with mercy, and is used of God." (VINE) W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  7. God has been longsuffering toward man - 2 Pet 3:9,15; 1 Ti 1:15-16 • We have all needed others to be longsuffering with us - Co 3:12-14 • Necessary To Maintaining The Unity Of The Spirit... Ep 4:1-3 • Necessary For Preachers And Teachers Of The Gospel... 2 Ti 2:24-26; 3:10; 4:2 • Not “eternal Suffering!” – 1 Pet. 3:20 W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  8. The Greek word is χρηστεῦομαι - chrēsteuomai - • Thayer: verb - 1) to show one’s self mild, to be kind, use kindness • This word describes "the sympathetic kindliness or sweetness of temper which puts others at their ease, and shrinks from giving pain" (PLUMMER) • "It is a beautiful word for the expression of a beautiful grace" (TRENCH) W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  9. Kindness Exemplified • The kindness of God – John 3:16; Rom. 5:8; Eph. 2:4-10; Titus 3:4,5 • The kindness of Christ – Matt. 14:14; Acts 10:38; Mat. 11:28-30 • The kindness expected of us – • Illustrated in the parable of the “good Samaritan” - Luke 10:25-37 • Commanded of us - Ephes. 4:32; Col. 3:12; 2 Peter 1:7; 1 John 3:17-18; 4:11 W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  10. The Greek word is ζηλόω “zē loō ” Thayer 1) to burn with zeal; 1a) to be heated or to boil with envy, hatred, anger 1a1) in a good sense, to be zealous in the pursuit of good; 1b) to desire earnestly, pursue; 1b1) to desire one earnestly, to strive after, busy one’s self about him; 1b2) to exert one’s self for one (that he may not be torn from me); 1b3) to be the object of the zeal of others, to be zealously sought after; 1c) to envy W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  11. The Greek word is ζηλόω “zē loō ” • Resentment - produced by witnessing or hearing of the advantage or prosperity of others – (of another’s gift) • Causes persecution, bitterness, hatred, division, & is a sign of carnality – Prov. 14:30; Mat. 27:18; 1 Cor. 3:3 • Love is not jealous of what others have or have become – When others have happiness, wealth, health, ability etc. . . Love rejoices and is delighted. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  12. The Greek word is περπερεύομαι perpereuomai Thayer: 1) to boast one’s self 2) a self display, employing rhetorical embellishments in extolling one’s self excessively Vine’s: - <1,,4068,perpereuomai> "to boast or vaunt oneself" (from perperos, "vainglorious, braggart," not in the NT), is used in 1Co_13:4, negatively of love. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  13. The Greek word is περπερεύομαι perpereuomai • The word refers to arrogance of speech – undoubtedly, some of those who had spiritual gifts were bragging about them – • “Love” does not brag – (1 Cor. 4:7) • Admitting to another some good deed that you have done, or some ability you possess is not necessarily bragging (John 10:32) • We should always ask – why am I telling this about myself – to serve or be served? W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  14. The Greek word is φυσιόω phusioō Thayer:. . . 2) to inflate, blow up, to cause to swell up 2a) to puff up, make proud 2b) to be puffed up, to bear one’s self loftily, be proud Vines: <1,,5448,phusioo> "to puff up, blow up, inflate" (from phusa, "bellows"), is used metaphorically in the NT, in the sense of being "puffed" up with pride, 1Co_4:6, 1Co_4:18-19; 1Co_5:2; 1Co_8:1; 1Co_13:4; Col_2:18. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  15. The Greek word is φυσιόω phusioō • This is the attitude from whence bragging comes . . . • The word refers to an inflated concept of one’s own importance. • PRIDE is of the world – 1 John 2:16 • PRIDE will lead one to his fall – Prov. 16:18 • A danger for young Christians – 1 Tim. 3:6 • The Christian is to be humble – Phili 2:1-5; 1 Peter 5:5 . . . W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  16. The Greek word is ἀσχημονέω aschēmoneō Thayer Definition: 1) to act unbecomingly Vines: <A-4,Verb,807,aschemoneo> "to be unseemly" (a, negative, and schema, "a form"), is used in 1Co_7:36, "behave (himself) unseemly," i.e., so as to run the risk of bringing the virgin daughter into danger or disgrace, and in 1Co_13:5, "doth (not) behave itself unseemly." W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  17. The Greek word is ἀσχημονέω aschēmoneō • The term describes actions or words which are rude – • The arrogant man forgets to respect, consider, or honor others – • On the other hand – love always conducts itself with proper decorum. Romans 12:10 (NKJV) Be kindly affectionate to one another with brotherly love, in honor giving preference to one another; W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  18. The Greek is ζητέω οὐ ἑαυτοῦ ou zētei ta heautēs • Love does not seek its own interest - - • Barnes: (love) “is not selfish; it does not seek its own happiness exclusively or mainly; it does not seek its own happiness to the injury of others. This expression is not, however, to be pressed as if Paul meant to teach that a man should not regard his own welfare at all; or have no respect to his health, his property, his happiness, or his salvation.” W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  19. The Greek is ζητέω οὐ ἑαυτοῦ ou zētei ta heautēs • The distorted view of love in our culture is distorted fundamentally because it is focused on pleasing self – • The love we MUST have as Christians is one NOT motivated by selfish ambition – but rather a genuine concerned for the well being of other people, (not mere temporary relief) – Phili 2:1-4; 1 Cor. 10:24; Gal. 5:13 W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  20. The Greek is παροξύνω paroxunō Thayer: 1) to make sharp, sharpen 1a) to stimulate, spur on, urge 1b) to irritate, provoke, arouse to anger 1b1) to scorn, despise 1b2) provoke, make angry 1b3) to exasperate, to burn with anger Vines: <Verb,3947,paroxuno> primarily, "to sharpen" . . . is used metaphorically, signifying "to rouse to anger, to provoke," . . . in 1Co_13:5, RV, "is not provoked" (the word "easily" in AV, represents no word in the original). See STIR. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  21. The Greek is παροξύνω paroxunō • The term carries the idea of being easily irritated or incensed. Eph 4:31,32; James 1:19 • There are some people that you have to “walk on eggshells” around . . . • Love does NOT go around with a chip on its shoulder. • Not condemning “righteous indignation!” – John 2:14-17; Eph 4:26 W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  22. The Greek is κακός kakos Thayer: 1) of a bad nature 1a) not such as it ought to be 2) of a mode of thinking, feeling, acting 2a) base, wrong, wicked 3) troublesome, injurious, pernicious, destructive, baneful Vines: <A-1,Adjective,2556,kakos> stands for "whatever is evil in character, base," . . . Kakos is antithetic to kalos, "fair, advisable, good in character," and to agathos, "beneficial, useful, good in act;" hence it denotes what is useless, incapable, bad; . . . W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  23. The Greek is κακός kakos • Love does not dwell on evils it has incurred - • If one dwells on evil - then bitterness and resentment are sure fruits . . . • There are some who like to keep score of wrongs done! – • To bear a grudge is not in the character of love! Prov. 10:12 • We should seek forgiveness!! – Luke 17:3 W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  24. Love does not rejoice in sinning nor with others as they engage in sin - • Some are happy in sin - 2 Thes 2:12 • Sinners & false teachers are uncomfortable where love is - Luke 6:22; John 7:7 • BUT – Love enjoys doing righteousness & being with the righteous! – • 2 John 1:4; 3 John 1:3,4 W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  25. Bears . . . Believes . . . Hopes . . . Endures . . . W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  26. To remain steady under trial OR To conceal or hide – 1 Pet 4:8 Bears . . . Believes the best - until evidence proves otherwise - considers all evidence Believes . . . Hopes . . . When evidence is adverse – love still hopes for the best Loves sticks it out . . . It doesn’t quit under adverse circumstances Endures . . . W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  27. Is not provoked, Thinks no evil; Does not rejoice in iniquity, But rejoices in the truth; Bears all things, Believes all things, Hopes all things, Endures all things. Suffers long Is kind Does not envy Does not parade itself Is not puffed up Does not behave rudely Does not seek its own W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  28. 1 Cor. 13:8,13 [8] Love never fails. But whether there are prophecies, they will fail; whether there are tongues, they will cease; whether there is knowledge, it will vanish away. [13] And now abide faith, hope, love, these three; but the greatest of these is love. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  29. 1 John 3:10-18 (NKJV) . . . [11] For this is the message that you heard from the beginning, that we should love one another, . . . [14] We know that we have passed from death to life, because we love the brethren. He who does not love his brother abides in death. . . . [16] By this we know love, because He laid down His life for us. And we also ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. [17] But whoever has this world's goods, and sees his brother in need, and shuts up his heart from him, how does the love of God abide in him? [18] My little children, let us not love in word or in tongue, but in deed and in truth. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  30. 1 John 4:20-21 (NKJV) If someone says, "I love God," and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who does not love his brother whom he has seen, how can he love God whom he has not seen? [21] And this commandment we have from Him: that he who loves God must love his brother also. W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

  31. What would this congregation be like – if every member had the kind of love described in 1 Corinthians 13?? W. 65th St. church of Christ - 9/18/2005

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