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The John Adams Administration

Explore the clashes between Democratic-Republicans and Federalists during the John Adams administration. Learn about the issues, people, and events that shaped the early American political landscape.

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The John Adams Administration

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  1. The John Adams Administration

  2. Adams & Jefferson

  3. Cabinet – Clashing Views Democratic-Republicans Federalists Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury

  4. The First Two-Party System Issue Government: State or national? Interpretation of the Constitution: Strict or Loose? Tariffs, Banks & Business or farming? Banks: National or State? Defense: Standing Army or Militias? Foreign Policy: Support Britain or Support France? Regions of Support: N, S, E, W? Nullification More important: Order or Liberty? Party Leaders & Presidents Federalists Democratic-Republicans Questions • Why does the Electoral College encourage a two-party system rather than a multiparty system? • Explain how Thomas Jefferson’s election in the “revolution” of 1800 changed the way the federal (national) government operated. National State

  5. Two Parties

  6. Election of 1796

  7. A New President • John Adams • Boston Patriot • Federalist

  8. Vice President • Thomas Jefferson • Virginian • Republican (Democratic-Republican • Became VP because he received second-most votes • At odds with Adams

  9. XYZ Affair

  10. The XYZ Affair • Jay Treaty – An alliance with Britain? • French seize 300 American ships in French harbors • Adams sends negotiators to Paris to meet with “X, Y and Z” • French demand $250,000 payment and $10 million loan • "Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute!“ • Link

  11. The Quasi War • Piracy, small naval battles • Convention of 1800 – ends the Quasi War, but terminates US alliance with France against Britain • U.S. is now neutral, following Washington’s farewell advice

  12. Alien & Sedition Acts

  13. Alien & Sedition Acts Four Bills • Naturalization Act • Alien Friends Act • Alien Enemies Act • Sedition Act

  14. Naturalization Acts Target: potential English & Irish immigrants who would likely vote for the Jeffersonian Republicans

  15. Alien Friends Act • 1798 • Arrest and deportation of “dangerous” aliens

  16. Alien Enemies Act • 1798 • Arrest and deportation of resident aliens whose home countries were at war with United States

  17. Sedition Act • Outlawed criticism of government officials unless the claims could be proven

  18. First Nullification Crisis

  19. Nullification • Jefferson and many states oppose the Alien & Sedition Acts • Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions call the act “null and void” • States vs. federal government: who wins?... • …principle remained untested because Adams lost next election to Jefferson

  20. John Marshall • Supreme Court • Believed that courts, not states, should interpret and declare laws unconstitutional

  21. Election of 1800

  22. Election of 1800 • Mudslinging • Obama attack ad • Romney attack ad • Youtube video

  23. Sally Hemings Controversy

  24. Election of 1800

  25. Election of 1800 • Jefferson wins • “Revolution of 1800”… peaceful transfer of power

  26. A Federalist Judiciary?

  27. John Marshall • Strong Federalist • Appointed to Supreme Court by John Adams • Expanded power of federal government and judicial branch

  28. “Midnight Judges” • “Lame duck” Federalist Congress • Judiciary Act of 1801 • Adams appointed judges in the last days of presidency • Attempt to entrench Federalists in judicial branch • Jefferson refused to deliver commissions

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