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Learning Theories Presentation. By: Estella Wagner EDTC-3320-60_Instructional Design. Benjamin Bloom. Born in February 21,1913 In 1956 along with others under his direction created Bloom’s Taxonomy Theory Died September 13, 1999. Cognitive Theorist.
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Learning Theories Presentation By: Estella Wagner EDTC-3320-60_Instructional Design
Benjamin Bloom • Born in February 21,1913 • In 1956 along with others under his direction created Bloom’s Taxonomy Theory • Died September 13, 1999
Cognitive Theorist • Benjamin Bloom is the creator of Bloom’s Taxonomy. • The Theory is based upon knowledge. • Bloom’s Taxonomy is broken down into six categories starting with the simplest and going to the most complex.
6 steps of Bloom’s Taxonomy 1)Knowledge- Recalling information. 2)Comprehension- Describing and Understanding information. 3)Application-Problem Solving and Applying information. 4)Analysis- Breaking material down for better understanding. 5) Synthesis- Making something new from each different part. 6)Evaluation- Judgment as a whole
Key Words for Bloom’s Taxonomy • Each step has key words that corresponds with each step: 1) Knowledge- defines, describes, identifies, knows, recalls. 2) Comprehension- gives an example, interprets, paraphrases, rewrites, summarizes, translates. 3) Application - predicts, prepares, produces, relates, shows, solves, uses. 4) Analysis- breaks down, compares, contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs. 5) Synthesis- creates, devises, designs, explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans, rearranges. 6) Evaluation- criticizes, critiques, evaluates, explains, interprets, justifies, relates, summarizes, supports.
Burrhus Frederic “B.F.” Skinner • Born March 20, 1904 • 1958-1974 Professor of Psychology at Harvard • Died August 18, 1990
Operant Conditioning • Skinner’s Theory is based on Thorndike’s law of effect. • Skinner summed up the Law of Effect into one word: Reinforcement. • When reinforcement was used the behavior was strengthened, and if it was less reinforced the behavior became weak.
Operant Conditioning Continued.. • Uses positive and negative punishment to be able to reinforce the behavior. • There are three different responses: • 1) Neutral Operants- Neither increases or decreases the chance of behavior repeating • 2) Reinforcers- Increases the chance of behavior repeating • 3) Punishers- Decreases the chance of behavior repeating
Bloom’s Taxonomy and Training • Using this theory will be beneficial to the learner because they will be able to use the 6 steps to better understand the material presented to them. • They will have a better understanding of the material and be able to apply it to other aspects of materials they learn.
Operant Conditioning and Training • With this Theory the most beneficial outcome would be to have positive reinforcement such as prizes, stickers and or positive words so that same behavior will be repeated. • For behavior that should not be repeated, negative reinforcement such as taking away stickers, prizes, or using negative words will most likely stop the behavior from reoccurring.
Summary Bloom’s Taxonomy • Theory based more on knowledge and the understanding of the material given. • More dependant of oneself rather than surroundings. • Theory based more on environmental outcomes. • More dependant on surroundings rather than only on self. OperantConditioning
Works Cited Benjamin bloom. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://hs.riverdale.k12.or.us/~dthompso/exhibition/blooms.htm Clark, D. R. (2010, July 02). Blooms taxonomy of learning domains. Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html McLeod, S. (2007). Simply psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html
