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Reconstruction: Impact and Challenges

Explore the key events and challenges of the Reconstruction period in the United States from 1865 to 1877, including the lenient plans of Lincoln and Johnson, the role of Radical Republicans, the Freedman's Bureau, the Reconstruction Act of 1867, the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments, the growth of the Black Church and schools, the rise of sharecropping, the collapse of Reconstruction, and the formation of white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan.

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Reconstruction: Impact and Challenges

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  1. Day 27 Reconstruction • Homework: 184-189

  2. Johnny Comes Marching Home- Louis Lambert • When Johnny comes marching home again,Hurrah! Hurrah!We'll give him a hearty welcome thenHurrah! Hurrah!The men will cheer and the boys will shoutThe ladies they will all turn outAnd we'll all feel gay when Johnny comes marching home. • The old church bell will peal with joyHurrah! Hurrah!To welcome home our darling boy,Hurrah! Hurrah!The village lads and lassies sayWith roses they will strew the way,And we'll all feel gay when Johnny comes marching home. • Get ready for the Jubilee,Hurrah! Hurrah!We'll give the hero three times three,Hurrah! Hurrah!The laurel wreath is ready nowTo place upon his loyal browAnd we'll all feel gay when Johnny comes marching home. • Let love and friendship on that day,Hurrah, hurrah!Their choicest pleasures then display,Hurrah, hurrah!And let each one perform some part,To fill with joy the warrior's heart,And we'll all feel gay when Johnny comes marching home

  3. Forever Free Edmonia Lewis (1867)

  4. Reconstruction 1865-1877 • Lincoln’s plan (ten % plan) lenient on confederacy • Radical Republicans- call for dismantling of south and allowing black vote • Andrew Johnson (Pres. #17) like Lincoln believed in lenience minus landholders • Ex-Confederates agree • Congress Refuses them and write passes law to expand Freedman’s Bureau and Civil Rights act of 1866

  5. Freedman Bureau • 1865- Congress extends program to help ex-slaves adjust by providing food and clothing • 1866- Civil Rights Act made it illegal to pass “black codes”

  6. Rejoining the Union- Reconstruction Act 1867 • The 10 Confederate States were under military rule until a new state government was established • Former leaders could not hold office • Former leaders could not vote • New State Constitutions had to allow all freed slaves to vote • State legislators had to pass the 14th Amendment

  7. 14-15th Amendment • Johnson vetoes Bill Freedman Bill and Civil Rights, but they over overridden by Congress- unifies moderate and radical Republicans • 14th Amendment denying rights to vote for citizens Passed • Johnson Impeached for firing cabinet members (real reason was not following reconstruction plan) but no conviction by one vote • Ulysses S Grant elected • 15th Amendment Passed- voting and race • Constitutional Law

  8. Reconstruction Society • Public works in south • Scalawags-Southerners joining the Republican Party • Carpetbaggers- moved from north to south • Black Vote- illiteracy and eagerness • Disunified Republicans in the South • Ulysses S. Grant is seen as honest, but many corrupt officials appointed

  9. African American reconstruction • Growth of Black Church • Black Schools built • Migration to North and West. Still found discrimination. • Voted and held office • Hiram Revels first African American Senator

  10. Life improves during reconstruction • Many start new business (Madame CJ Walker first woman to earn a million dollars) • Founding of Black Newspapers

  11. Sharecropping in South • Sherman’s promise of 40 acres and a mule unfulfilled • Most African American’s in South became sharecroppers- farm someone else's land for a percentage of crop • Often could not leave land until debts were paid

  12. Reconstruction falters • Amnesty Act 1872 – restrictions removed for most confederates • Panic of 1873 Economy falters many in north question money spent in South. • Samuel Tilden and Rutherford B Hayes run for President • Tilden won popular vote, Electoral vote in dispute. Each candidate claiming victory in 3 key states • Compromise 1877 Hayes given presidency if he would promise to pull troops in south.

  13. Collapse of Reconstruction • Southern Vigilante groups formed • Ku Klux Klan (KKK) • Goal: stop African American rights • Freedman’s Bureau Expires in Congress • Supreme Court Shift • South declares Home rule after election of 1876 • Democrats “Redeem the south”

  14. Summary Questions • Who became the president after Lincoln? • What was the Reconstruction? • Group that help to adjust former slaves to their freedom? • What was the purpose of the 15th Amendment? • What civil war hero became President after Johnson? • Who controlled Congress during reconstruction? • What is a scalawag? • Who were carpetbaggers? • What is the difference between tenant farmers and sharecroppers? • White Supremacist Group that developed during Reconstruction?

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