The Nation Grows and Prospers

1. The Nation Grows and Prospers Chapter 11 Section 3: Unity and Division

2. An Era of Good Feelings • 1816 Election: • Republican Candidate James Monroe. • Federalist: Senator Rufus King of New York. • Monroe Won: • Last Revolutionary war officer to become president. • 1817: • Goodwill tour of the country. • Helped create a new sense of National Unity.

3. Calhoun of the South John C. Calhoun. Grew up on Farm in S.C. “Young Hercules” Intense Speaker. Supported War of 1812. Firm Defender of Slavery. Opposed policies that would strengthen the power of the Federal Government.

4. Webster of the North Daniel Webster. New Hampshire. Most skillful Public Speaker of his time. Opposed War of 1812. Refused to vote for taxes to pay for the war effort. Wanted the Fed Gov. to take a larger role in building the nations economy. Slavery was evil…

5. Clay of the West Henry Clay. Was leader of the War Hawks. Virginia native. Lawyer. “Gallant Harry of the West” Favored a more active role for the Central Gov. in promoting the Country’s growth.

6. The National Bank • After War of 1812: Many economic issues came into play. • 1811: Charter to Bank was up. • No longer could lend money & regulate the Nations money. • State Banks: • Made loans /Issued own Money. • Too much money was incirculation. • Caused prices to rise rapidly.

7. Foreign Competition • Early 1800’s: • Embargo Act and War 1812. • Kept most Br. Goods out of the U.S. • Francis Cabot Lowell. • Business leader. • Est. Mills and Factories. • Industry in U.S. grew quickly until 1815.

8. Flood of British Goods • War 1812 over. • British goods enter U.S. • Br. Could make and sell goods more cheaply than Amer. could. • Why? • Factory Buildings and Machines were paid off. • Sold cloth in U.S. for less than it cost to make. • Hoped to put U.S. rivals out of business. • Then raise prices once more.

9. Protective Tariff • NE businesses were failing. • The People Spoke!!! • Tariff of 1816: • Greatly Raised tariffs on imports. • Southerners Angry. • Had few Factories. • Bought many Br. goods. • Said made North rich.

10. Clay’s American System • Disputes over tariffs. • Sectionalism: • Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the nation as a whole. • People identified themselves as Southerners/ Northerners. • American System: • High Tariffs on imports, to help Northern factories. • Money earned would be used to help South/West by buying farm products from them • Reduce dependency on Foreign goods. • Tariff money: • Build roads, bridges, canals. • Make transportation easier and cheaper for people to ship goods.

11. American System a failure • Never fully wet into effect. • With High tariffs congress spent little on Internal Improvements: • Improvements on roads, bridges, and canals. • Southerners against it most. • Said rivers were fine for transportation of goods.

12. Supreme Court Expands Federal Power Chief Justice: John Marshall. Promote Economic Growth. Congress Chartered 2nd Bank of the U.S.

13. McCulloch v. Maryland • 1819: • Maryland tried to tax the Bank to drive it out of the State. • James McCulloch • Bank cashier, refused to pay the tax. • Court ruled: • States had no right to interfere with Federal Institutions w/in their boarders.

14. Gibbons V. Ogden 1824 NY law: Tried to control steamboat travel between NY and NJ. Supreme court upheld power of the Fed Gov. to regulate trade between states. States can only regulate trade within own boarders. Only Fed Gov. had power to regulate interstate commence: (trade between different states).

15. Checking for Understanding… What were the pros and cons of the Tariff of 1816? What was the American System? How did the Supreme Court Rulings give the Federal Government greater Power?

16. New Nations in the Americas Section 4 Chapter 11

17. FatherHidalgo 1810 Mexican Village of Dolores. Priest: Hidalgo Called Indians to join struggle to make Mexico Independent from Spain.

18. Revolution n Latin America 1810 Spain’s American colonies people wanted independence. Wanted a role in Government. Wealthy Creoles (people born to Spanish parents) were even unhappy. Indians were in debt. due to Spanish harsh rules.

19. Mexican Independence • Father Hidalgo lead the movement. • Gained control of many provinces in Mexico. • Captured in 1811 and Executed. • Priest Jose Morelos. • Took over in place of Hidalgo. • Creoles disliked his plan to give land to peasants. • Captured and Killed. • 1821: Creoles joined the revolution. Mexico became a republic with its own constitution.

20. The Liberator • South America. • Simon Bolivar. • Latin Amer. Wars. • Born: Venezuela (Wealthy). • Rebel Leader. • Famous Battle: 1819 • Led Venezuela army over Andes Mts. Into Columbia. • President of the Republic of Great Columbia. • Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama.

21. New Nations Form • Latin America: • Jose se San Martin • Led Argentina to freedom in 1816. • Helped people of Chile, Peru and Ecuador win Independence. • 1821: Central America • Declared Independence from Spain. • Formed: United Provinces of Central America. • Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala. • 1825: Puerto Rica and Cuba were the only colonies left Under the rule of Spain in Latin America. • Portuguese colony of Brazil: • Won independence peacefully. • Prince Pedro: son of the Portuguese King joined their cause. • Became Emperor of the New Nation Brazil.

22. The New Republics New nations modeled their constitutions on that of the U.S. Latin America did not unite into a single Country. Geography made it difficult. Hard time setting up Stable Gov. Powerful Leaders took advantage of this and seized control. These New nations were often unable to achieve democratic rule.

23. Black Seminoles • Spanish officials protected enslaved Africans who fled from Georgia and S.C. • Seminole Indians allowed these people to live near their villages. • In return gave portion of their crops. • Negro Fort: • Settlement on Apalachicola River. • 1,000 black Seminoles. • General Andrew Jackson destroyed the fort.

24. Spain Gives up Florida • 1818 • Jackson enters Florida with over 3,000 soldiers. • Spain was powerless • Was fighting war in Latin Amer. • Could not risk war against the U.S. • Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821 • Sec of State: John Quincy Adams. Made treaty with Spain  • Gained Fl. For $5 million.

25. The Monroe Doctrine 1823: Doctrine: (Foreign Policy). Declared that the U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of European Nations or existing colonies of the European nations. U.S. would oppose any attempt to build new colonies in the Americas. Warned European Nations not to attempt to regain control of the independent Nations of Latin Amer. Doctrine successfully challenged European Intervention (direct Involvement), in Latin America.

26. Checking for Understanding!!! Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo? Who were known as the Black Seminoles? What was the Monroe Doctrine?