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Chapter 11 The Nation Grows and Prospers 1790- 1825

Chapter 11 The Nation Grows and Prospers 1790- 1825. Sections 1 &2 The Industrial Revolution Americans Move Westward. Objectives. Identify the Industrial Revolution and its effects on the United States Describe early factories with focus on Lowell, Massachusetts

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Chapter 11 The Nation Grows and Prospers 1790- 1825

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  1. Chapter 11The Nation Grows and Prospers1790- 1825 Sections 1 &2 The Industrial Revolution Americans Move Westward

  2. Objectives • Identify the Industrial Revolution and its effects on the United States • Describe early factories with focus on Lowell, Massachusetts • Describe how settlers traveled west • Explain new developments in transportation

  3. I. The Industrial Revolution A. New Technology 1. Begins in Britain mid 1700s 2. New machines for textile industry 3. James Hargreaves invented Spinning jenny – could spin several threads at once 4. Water powered loom – Edmund Cartwright 5. Produced more cloth in a day than was possible before

  4. Spinning Jenny

  5. B. The Factory System 1. New inventions required new systems of production 2. Capitalist- a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit 3. Factory system- brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods

  6. Spinning Jenny Slater’s Mill

  7. II. A Revolution Crosses the Atlantic A. Slater Breaks the Law 1. British law forbid anyone to take plans for new machinery out of the country 2. 1789 Slater left Britain 3. Memorized the plans so he wouldn’t get caught with them B. The First American Mill 1. 1793 Slater built the first successful textile mill in the US powered by water 2. Pawtucket, RI

  8. C. Interchangeable parts- all machine made parts are identical to each other 1. Eli Whitney 2. Earlier, everything made one at a time 3. Saves time and money 4. Idea spread rapidly

  9. III. Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town A. Had to produce more goods because of the blockade of ports during War of 1812 B. The Lowell Mills 1. Francis Cabot Lowell 2. Combine spinning and weaving under one roof 3. Built a whole town of factories as a model of efficiency

  10. Lowell and Lowell Girls

  11. C. The Lowell Girls 1. Young women from nearby farms 2. Most sent wages home 3. Boarding houses 4. Rules 5. Independence

  12. IV. Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution A. Child Labor 1. As young as seven 2. Not seen as cruel because farm work was just as hard or harder 3. Child’s wages needed to support the family B. Long Hours 1. 12 hour days, 6 days a week 2. Conditions better than in Europe 3. As competition increases, owners grew less interested in welfare of workers

  13. C. Changes in Home Life 1. More family members left home to earn a living 2. Affected ideas about the role of women 3. Poor women had to work

  14. V. Growing Cities A. Many people left farms to work in factories B. Urbanization-movement of population from farms to cities 1. Steady but gradual process 2. Early cities were small but growing

  15. Pros and Cons of Urban Living C. Hazards 1. Dirt streets turned to mud in rain 2. No sewers, garbage in streets 3. Disease spread easily D. Attractions 1. Theaters, museums, circuses 2. Latest fashions, shopping

  16. Americans Move Westward

  17. VI. Traveling West A. “West” -referred to the lands between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River B. Population of some of 13 colonies declines as people move west C. Need to improve transportation to the west is obvious

  18. D. Western Routes 1. Great Wagon Road through Pennsylvania 2. Wilderness Road south and west by Daniel Boone’s route, led through Cumberland Gap 3. Flatboats down Ohio River 4. People from GA and SC followed routes to AL and MS 5. People from NE pushed into NW territory

  19. Flatboats

  20. E. New States 1792 Kentucky 1796 Tennessee 1803 Ohio 1812 Louisiana 1816 Indiana 1817 Mississippi 1818 Illinois 1819 Alabama New States Enter the Union

  21. A. Turnpikes and Corduroy Roads 1. Roads built by private companies 2. Turnpikes for tolls 3. Lancaster Turnpike the best of its time, linked Lancaster and Philadelphia 4.Corduroy roads of logs 5. Covered bridges lasted longer than plain wood VII. Improvements to Roads

  22. B. The National Road 1. 1806 Congress sets aside funds 2. Road to run from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling in western VA 3. Work begins 1811 and is completed in 1818 4. Road later extended as needed

  23. VIII. Steam Transport A. Fitch and Fulton 1. Fitch showed how a steam engine could power a boat (Constitutional Convention 1787) 2. Few people used his ferry service 3. Fulton launched a steamboat - the Clermonton the Hudson River 4. 300 mile trip in 62 hours - record

  24. What would be some of the advantages of the steamships? B. The Age of Steamboats 1. Revolutionized travel in the west 2. Gave farmers and merchants a cheap way to move goods 3. Dangerous at times as sparks can explode high pressure boilers

  25. IX. The Canal Boom A. Building the Erie Canal 1. Let farmers ship goods to port of New York 2. Links Great Lakes with Hudson River 3. DeWitt Clinton, governor of NY, instrumental in getting it built 4. “Clinton’s Ditch”

  26. This painting shows the "Seneca Chief," the flagship of a flotilla making the maiden voyage down the Erie Canal. The 363-mile-long, $7 million canal opened the shortest thoroughfare between the Atlantic Coast's factories and the natural bounty of the Great Lakes, helping to position New York City as America's leading metropolis. The Canal did not greatly affect business for stagecoach companies, which were faster, and not limited by road capacity or ice, but it did bankrupt the Conestoga wagon freight carriers. By 1841, however, the railroads had put stagecoach companies out of business. The Erie Canal still operates today. The Big Ditch

  27. I've got a mule,Her name is Sal,Fifteen years on the Erie Canal.She's a good old workerAnd a good old pal,Fifteen years on the Erie Canal.We've hauled some barges in our dayFilled with lumber, coal and hayAnd ev'ry inch of the way I knowFrom Albany to Buffalo.Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,For it's Low Bridge,We're coming to a town!You can always tell your neighbor,You can always tell your pal,If you've ever navigatedOn the Erie Canal.Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,For it's Low Bridge,We're coming to a town!You can always tell your neighbor,You can always tell your pal,If you've ever navigatedOn the Erie Canal. We better get alongOn our way, old gal,Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal.Cause you bet your lifeI'd never part with Sal,Fifteen miles on the Erie Canal.Git up there, mule, here comes a lock,We'll make Rome 'bout six o'clock.One more trip and back we'll goRight back home to Buffalo.Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,For it's Low Bridge,We're coming to a town!You can always tell your neighbor,You can always tell your pal,If you've ever navigatedOn the Erie Canal.Low Bridge, ev'rybody down,For it's Low Bridge,We're coming to a town!You can always tell your neighbor,You can always tell your pal,If you've ever navigatedOn the Erie Canal. The Erie Canal

  28. Chapter 11The Nation Grows and Prospers1790- 1825 Sections 3 & 4 Unity and Division New Nations in the Americas

  29. Objectives • Discuss the role played by sectionalism in the Era of Good Feelings • Explain how the Latin American nations won independence and became republics • Describe how the United States gained Florida from Spain • Discuss the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine

  30. Era of Good Feelings • James Monroe: (Republican) easily won the Presidency in 1816. • After inauguration, he toured the country and was well received even in New England.

  31. A. Calhoun of the South 1. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina 2. Supported War of 1812 and slavery 3. Opposed policies that would strengthen the power of the federal government I. Three Sectional Leaders

  32. B. Daniel Webster of the North 1. New Hampshire 2. Most skillful public speakers 3. Opposed War of 1812 and slavery 4. Wanted government to take a larger role in building the nation’s economy

  33. C. Henry Clay of the West 1. Leader of War Hawks in War of 1812 2. VA- KY 3. Favored a more active role for central government in promoting the country’s growth

  34. National Bank The National Bank was re-chartered in 1816. Americans wanted a central bank to loan money.

  35. Flood of British Goods • After the War of 1812 the American Market was flooded with cheaper British Goods • This threatened the new Industrial USA.

  36. Congress Passes Protective Tariff • To even the playing field with Great Britain, the US congress passed the Protective Tariff.

  37. The American System D. Sectionalism – loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the country as a whole E. Internal improvements – improvements for roads, bridges, and canals

  38. Henry Clay’s American System • Clay wanted economic growth for regions of the country. • High taxes on imports= more $ for north to buy southern and western goods.

  39. American System: Definition • What is Henry Clay’s American System? • “the policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government (as advocated by Henry Clay from 1816 to 1828)” House Speaker, Henry Clay coined the term “American System” in 1815, after President Madison created a plan to unite the Northern and Southern economies.

  40. North Economy: +/- • Northern Economy: Strengths 1. The north had just experienced an Industrial Revolution, and was producing manufactured goods. 2. New methods of transportation that brought goods to and from the manufacturing north. 3. A new, national currency that enabled the north to trade with the south and west. • Northern Economy: Weaknesses 1. Poor soil, low crop production, few livestock.

  41. Southern/Western Economy: +/- • Southern/Western Economy: Strengths 1. Good and rich soil for plantation farming. 2. Increased slavery, increased productivity. 3. Use of the Mississippi River for transportation of goods between the north and south economies. • Southern/Western Economy: Weaknesses 1. No factories for manufacturing goods. 2. Heavy, intense labor needed to run the plantations smoothly in the south.

  42. The Supreme Court Expands Federal Power • Chief Justice John Marshall • Under John Marshall, the Supreme Court would increase the power of the Federal governement.

  43. McCulloch v. Maryland In 1819, Maryland levied heavy taxes on a local branch of the National Bank to make it fail. It was declared unconstitutional.

  44. Gibbons v. Ogden • Interstate Trade-trade between different states. • This case upheld the federal governments right to regulate trade between states.

  45. New Nations in the Americas

  46. Revolution in Latin America • By 1810 the people of the Spanish American colonies were eager for independence.

  47. Mexican Independence • 1821 Mexican independence gained. • The leaders Hidalgo and Morelos were killed. • Even creoles-Latin born people of Spanish parents, joined the fight

  48. The Liberator • A Venezuelan creole • Lead attack that defeated Spanish forces in 1819 • Became President of Rep. of Great Columbia-Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Panama

  49. Other New Nations • In 1821 the people of Central American formed the United Provinces of Central American • Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala

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