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Urinary System

Urinary System. Honors Anatomy & Physiology. Kidneys. Filter 200L of fluid from blood excreting waste as urine Regulate blood volume, balance water & salts, pH Secretes renin (BP) & erythropoeitin (EPO) Renal Cortex – superficial (light)

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System Honors Anatomy & Physiology

  2. Kidneys • Filter 200L of fluid from blood excreting waste as urine • Regulate blood volume, balance water & salts, pH • Secretes renin (BP) & erythropoeitin (EPO) • Renal Cortex – superficial (light) • Renal Medulla – deeper (dark) arranged in (8) pyramids • Calyces collect urine & empty into renal pelvis

  3. Nephrons • Functional units of kidney • > 1 million per kidney • Glomerulus capillary bed • Fed & drained by arterioles • High pressure forces fluid & soluted out of blood • Peritubular capillaries • From efferent arterioles of glomerulus • Low pressure reclaims solutes & water

  4. Urine • Color • Yellow due to urochrome (pigment from Hb) • Transparent – • cloudy indicator of UTI • Odor • If left out smells of ammonia from bacteria metabolizing urea (diabetics urine smells fruity) • Average pH6 vary (4.5-8) dependent on diet • Composition • 95% water • Urea (from breakdown of amino acids) • Uric acid (from breakdown of nucleic acids) • Creatinine (from creatine phosphate) • Na+, K+, PO43-, SO42-, Ca2+ Mg+2 ,HCO3-

  5. Ureters • Slender tubes propels urine from kidney to bladder • 3 layer wall, transitional epithelium & 2 sheets of smooth muscle for peristalsis

  6. Urinary Bladder • Collapsable muscular sac temporariliy stores urine • Trigone – 3 openings • 3 layers: transitional epithelium, intermingled smooth muscle, fiberous adventitia • Rugae – folds when empty • Full bladder – 5” long – holds 1 pint of urine (max 1L)

  7. Urethra • Drains urine from bladder • Internal urethral sphincter – involuntary • External urethral sphincter – voluntary • Females 3-4” long, external urethral orifice • Males 8” long, carries urine & semen • 3 regions: • prostetic urethra 1” (within prostate) • Membranous urethra 2cm • Spongy urethra 15cm long

  8. Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Balance • Water: women 50% of mass, men 60%, infants 73% • Intracellular fluid – in cells • Extracellular fluid – plasma & interstitial fluid (lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid, etc) • Water intake 2.5L/day & metabolic water • Water output: lung vapors, perspiration, feces, urine • Solutes • Nonelectrolytes – organic molecules w/covalent bonds • Electrolytes – dissociate into ions in water • Ph 7.35 (viens) - 7.45 (arteries) • Buffers: bicarbonate, phosphate, protein

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