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Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology

Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Department of Computer Science CIS 100. Internet. What is Internet?. Internet is a global computer network of inter-connected networks. Internet Activities.

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Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology

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  1. Jordan University of Science & Technology Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Department of Computer Science CIS 100 Internet

  2. What is Internet? Internet is a global computer network of inter-connected networks.

  3. Internet Activities • All computers connected to the internet must communicate with each other using set of rules (protocols) called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) • Send and receive electronic messages (e-mail) • Transfer data files to and from computers around the world (File Transfer Protocol [FTP]) • View corporate or personal documents containing graphical hypertext content (World Wide Web) • Share point-of-view on specific subjects with other online groups, (Usenet news-groups - Network News Transfer Protocol)

  4. Internet Addressing • Each computer directly linked to the Internet must obtain a unique address so that it can be located. • A computer’s internet protocol (IP) address is a four-part series of numbers separated by periods. For example 198.137.241.30 • Because it is difficult to remember a long series of numbers( i.e. IPaddress ), a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS), For example Whitehouse.gov • The DNS: is a world-wide system of databases that mapsdomain nameswith theircorresponding IP address.

  5. How To Get Internet Connection? • To obtain an Internet domain name, It is necessary to register with (and pay) a special Internet committee, Internet Service Provider (ISP) • ISP examples: ORANGE, Batelco, TE Data, and Zain • To get internet service: • Subscribe with any Internet Service Provider (ISP)

  6. Site Types The top-level specification: • .com: commercial organization. • .edu: education. • .int: international organization. • .mil: military organizations. • .org: nonprofit and research organizations. • .net: network and service operations.

  7. Country Code Two-letter country code: .us: United States. .jo: Jordan. .uk: United Kingdom.

  8. Domain Name • Second-level domain name(it is the company or organization name): up to 22 alphanumeric characters and cannot include spaces (although underscore can be used). • examples of the Domain name: • www.example.net • www.yahoo.com • www.hotmail.com • The alphanumeric character set consists of the numbers 0 to 9 and letters A to Z.

  9. Subdomain Name • Subdomain Name: • Put it to the left of thedomain name • We may have additional subdomain names • It is optional part • Subdomain Name examples: • www.cis.just.edu.jo • www.mail.yahoo.com

  10. Domain, LAN, and Network Server • This entire domainispart of LANconnected to the internet. • The network server is connected to the Internet. • So each of the computers on the network gain their access to the Internet through the network server. • LAN: Local Area Network • Hostname: i.e. the Host Computer

  11. What is the World Wide Web? • The World Wide Web is a collection of host machines: • which deliver documents, graphics and multi-media to users via the Internet.

  12. World Wide Web • Pages or files are stored on Web Servers. • Users access these pages using a graphical browser like: • Internet Explorer • Netscape Communicator • Pages can include: • Graphics, sound, movies and other media-rich content • References to other pages on the same site or other sites

  13. Hyper-Links • A hyperlink is a clickable link to another document or resource. It is normally shown in blue underline. • When a user clicks on this link • The client will retrieve the document associated with that link by • requesting the document from the designated server upon which it resides.

  14. URLs • An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a means of specifying the pathname for any resource on the Internet. • The URL consists of three part: • protocol part • host part • document name

  15. URLs Example http://www.just.edu.jo/cis100/windows.htm specifies the protocolashttp, the host or WWW serverasjust.edu.jo and the documentas/cis100/windows.htm

  16. Search Engines • Because there is so much information available on the Internet today so: • it is important to be able to access information quickly. • Several sites have specialized in searching • Search EnginesExamples: • www.yahoo.com • www.google.com • www.excite.com • www.metacrawler.com

  17. Browsing the Web The features of World Wide Web (WWW) are: • server provides WWW access • information presented as pages • uses html (hyper-text markup language) to write pages • pages may reference other pages, graphics etc (links) • client provides browse services to view pages and handle special page types • connect only long enough to get a page • Examples of available browsers include Netscape Communicator and Internet Explorer.

  18. HTML • HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language. • Used to create (design) Web pages which may include: • Text, graphics, sound, video and/or links to other pages

  19. Web Browser • A WWW browser is an application run on a user’s computer • which allows him to view the pages made available by a WWW server • The browser interprets each HTML page and displays the information in a window. • Each WWW server has a host name, and each page has a location address where it resides on the server.

  20. Example http://www.just.edu.jo/index.htm • The site-name iswww.just.edu.jo • which denotes the server address for the WWW server at JUST • The page, which is shown as JUST’s home page is called index.htm

  21. Electronic Mail (email) Electronic mail, or email, is: • a simple tool for exchanging messages between individuals or among larger audience.

  22. Electronic Mail • Email messages travel very quickly and inexpensively • The delivery of messages from one part of a country to another may take minutes • Once a message has been received, it can be saved, printed, edited, forwarded to another user, or deleted • Email is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet:

  23. Email CharacteristicsEmail is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet : 1. Fast 2. Can save messages for future reference. 3. Free of charge.

  24. How to get email account ? • How to get just email? • From the University (Engineering Building, C3- level 1 ?) • Get a free web-based email account through yahoo or Hotmail

  25. Email Address An email address has two parts: 1. Username 2. Domain Name Email Address Example: ahmad@just.edu.jo

  26. Email Message’s Parts An email message must have at least two parts: 1. Header 2. Body 3. Message Signature (optional)

  27. Email Message’s Parts • The Message Header contains information about the message: sender, receiver, date and subject • CC : Carbon Copy • BCC: Blind Carbon Copy • The Message body contains the actual message being sent • Message Signature (optional) (see next slide)

  28. Message Signature • Sometimes, an email message contains a third part, called the signature • It is optional, and usually identifies or provides information about the message’s sender

  29. Review • CC : Carbon Copy • BCC: Blind Carbon Copy • Protocols: set of rules • TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) • File Transfer Protocol [FTP] use to: • Transfer data files to and from computers around the world? • internet protocoladdress : IPaddress • DNS: it is a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS) • URL: Uniform Resource Locator • HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language

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