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First Aid

First Aid. Training. aims of first aid. P P P. reserve Life. revent Worsening. romote Recovery. the airway. emergency action plan. DANGER? Make sure it is safe for you to give help. YES. Remove Danger Make the scene safe. Do not take risks. NO. Response?

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First Aid

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  1. First Aid Training

  2. aims of first aid P P P reserve Life revent Worsening romote Recovery

  3. the airway

  4. emergency action plan DANGER? Make sure it is safe for you to give help. YES Remove Danger Make the scene safe.Do not take risks. NO Response? Shout and gently shake or tap the casualty. Help! Shout for help, but don’t leave the casualty yet. YES History Find out what has happened. Signs and Symptoms How does the patient feel or look? Try to work out what’s wrong. Treatment Remember – If you’re not sure, always seek professional medical advice. NO Airway Open the airway bytilting the head backand lifting the chin. Normal Breathing? Look, listen and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If you’re not sure ifbreathing is normal, treat it as though it is not. Dial 999 Now (If not already done) YES • Secondary Survey • Check for bleeding, injuries and clues • (see your first aid book). • Recovery Position • Recovery Position (see book). • Dial 999 if not already done. • Monitor Airway and Breathing. • Keep the casualty Warm. NO Resuscitation 30 to 2 • Give 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths. • Continue giving cycles of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. • Only stop to recheck the patient if they start breathing normally – otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation. • If there is more than one rescuer, change over every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue.

  5. priorities of treatment Primary Survey B A B B Breathing Airway Bones Secondary Survey Bleeding (or burns)

  6. resuscitation D R A B anger esponse irway reathing

  7. F I S H S H A P E D Causes of unconsciousness ainting mbalance of heat hock ead Injury troke eart Attack sphyxia oisoning pilepsy iabetes

  8. levels of consciousness A V P U Confused Inappropriate words Utters sounds No verbal response Localises pain Responds only lert oice ain nresponsive

  9. Head and Neck secondary survey Primary Survey First! – D.R.A.B. Bleeding or Burns Shoulders and Chest Abdomen and Pelvis Legs and Arms Pockets and Clues Recovery Position

  10. Concussion Compression head injuries Unconsciousness for a short period, followed by an increase in levels of response and recovery. Could have a history of recent head injury with apparent recovery, but then deteriorates Short term memory loss (particularly of the incident). Confusion, irritability. Levels of response become worse as condition develops Mild, general headache. Intense headache. Pale, clammy skin. Flushed, dry skin. Shallow / normal breathing. Deep, noisy, slow breathing. (Pressure on the respiratory control area of the brain) Rapid, weak pulse. (Blood diverts away from the extremities) Slow, strong pulse. (Caused by raised blood pressure) Normal pupils, reacting to light. One or both pupils dilate as pressure increases on the brain. Possible nausea or vomiting on recovery. Condition becomes worse. Fits may occur. No recovery.

  11. compression

  12. pupils

  13. pupils

  14. pupils

  15. the respiratory system

  16. the respiratory system Alveoli

  17. collapsed lung

  18. hypoxia – the causes External Suffocation,Drowning, High Altitude Airway Tongue, Vomit, Choking, Strangulation, Hanging, Burns, Anaphylaxis, Disease. Breathing Crushing, Collapsed Lung, Chest Injury, Poisons, Asthma, Disease, Illness. Circulation Heart Attack, Angina, Bleeding, Poisons, Anaemia. Control Centre Stroke, Head Injury, DrugOverdose/Poisons, Spinal Injury,Electric Shock.

  19. hypoxia – signs and symptoms Pale, Cold, Clammy / Cyanosis Nausea / Vomiting Increase In Pulse Rate Weak Pulse Increase in Breathing Rate /Short of Breath Dizziness / Confusion Lowered Levels of Response

  20. the circulatory system

  21. the heart – blood flow To the Body From the Body To the Lungs From the Lungs Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

  22. the heart

  23. a typical heart attack

  24. electrical impulses of the heart

  25. Shock –normal circulation

  26. HypovolaemicShock

  27. cardiogenic shock

  28. Handbrake!! fainting

  29. anaphylactic shock

  30. Picture: Many Thanks to the Anaphylaxis Campaign. anaphylaxis

  31. types of wound C A L I P G A D ontusion brasion aceration ncision uncture un Shot mputation egloved

  32. fractured wrist

  33. eye / face laceration

  34. finger laceration

  35. Fingertip amputation

  36. puncture wound

  37. blood loss Dilate Blood Vessels Constrict 140 Heart Rate 120 100 80 Blood Pressure 10% 20% 30% 40% Blood Loss

  38. treatment of bleeding S E E P it or Lay xamine levate ressure

  39. severity of burns S C A L D ize ause ge ocation epth

  40. burns – estimating the area

  41. laceration

  42. dislocated normal dislocated kneecap

  43. burns

  44. 1 2 3 burns treatment COOL! REMOVE DRESS

  45. the skeleton

  46. 7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Fused Sacral the spine

  47. Closed Open Complicated Green Stick types of fracture

  48. types of wound P L U S D I C T ain oss of power natural movement welling or bruising eformity rregularity repitus enderness

  49. open fracture

  50. open fracture Note the poor aseptic technique!

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