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The Quest for Gender Equality. Background. Misogyny The hatred of women Gender inequality created by the perception that females are inferior in intelligence and strength 1900 only New Zealand permitted women to vote Feminism
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Background • Misogyny • The hatred of women • Gender inequality created by the perception that females are inferior in intelligence and strength • 1900 only New Zealand permitted women to vote • Feminism • advocating equal social, political, and economic rights for men and women
Statistics Women make up 50% of the world population Women contribute nearly 66% of working hours (housework included) Women receive only 10% of the world’s income Women own less than 1% of the world’s property
Virginia Woolf • Early 1900s • A Room of One’s Own • Lesbian themes • Feminist themes • Equal opportunity for education and economic advancement were more important than right to vote • Women must achieve independence from men
Women and WWII • WWII provided jobs and financial independence for many women • Simone de Beauvoir, 1949, The Second Sex • “Myth of femininity” – the false and disempowering idea that women are preordained to be subordinate to men • Women as “the other sex”
The 1960s • Betty Friedan (1963), The Feminine Mystique • American society had brainwashed women to prefer the role of wife and mother • Attacked Freud’s view of women as failed men • Encouraged women to seek careers outside the house
The 1960s National Organization for Women (NOW) Sexual Revolution Birth Control
Niki De Saint Phalle Black Venus 1965 – 1967Painted Polyester
Judy Chicago The Dinner Party 1974 – 1979 Multimedia
Ana Mendieta Tree of Life from the Silvetas series 1977 Color photograph
Cindy Sherman Untitled #276 1993 Color Photograph
Cindy ShermanUntitled #2241990$384,000Christie’s New YorkMay 17, 2007
Barbara Kruger Untitled (“Your body is a battleground”) 1989 Photographic silkscreen on vinyl
Robert Mapplethorpe Lisa Lyon 1982 Silver gelatin print