Bellringer

1. Bellringer • Clear off your desk… ITS QUIZ TIME!

2. Agenda • The First Greeks • Foundations of Greek Culture • Ancient Greek Values

3. Objectives Students will be able to… 36. Identify the foundations of Greek values and culture, including the Minoans and Mycenaeans.

4. Objective #36 Ancient Greece • Most historians consider Ancient Greece to be the foundation of our culture today • Understanding Ancient Greece is essential for understanding ourselves • But where did Ancient Greek culture come from?

5. The First Greeks

6. The Minoans • Civilization based on the island of Crete • Capital at Knossos

7. Where is Ancient Greece?

8. Where is Crete?

9. Minoan Civilization • Named after King Minos • You read about him… • Dominant in Mediterranean trade from 2000 to 1400 BCE • Not quite Greek, but Greek-like

10. Minoans Collapse • Recover from disaster in 1700 BCE • Can’t recover from earthquakes and volcanic eruption in 1470 BCE • Probably invaded from mainland Greece

11. Cultural Diffusion! • Minoans trade throughout Mediterranean • Mainland Greece (Europe) • Asia Minor • Egypt • Spread pottery techniques, religion, and maybe language

12. Then, the Mycenaeans • Nomads settle in Greece, borrow cultural ideas from the Minoans, and probably invade Crete • Mycenaeans • Take over Mediterranean trade • Fall to nomadic invaders around 1200 BCE

13. The Mycenaeans

14. Before they die… • The Mycenaeans create Greek culture • Language • Religion/mythology • Art and literature • They also fight the Trojan War • Remember Helen’s Husband and Brother-in-law?

15. Ancient Greek Values

16. Greek Values • Respect the gods • Family • Arete (valor or virtue) • Agon (competition) • Kleosaphthiton(undying glory)

17. Respect the Gods • The gods are like high schoolers • Jealous • Petty • Easily angered • And they hold grudges • Don’t make them angry, or you will pay • Myths tell you how to act • Rule #5

18. Family • Loyal to their family and friends, welcome guests as temporary family members • Examples: • Greeks fight for 10 years to get Helen back in the Iliad, led by Helen’s husband’s brother • Odysseus travels for 10 years to return home to his wife, who remains faithful

19. Arete • Your value or worth, your moral excellence • Examples: • Warriors and athletes honored in the Iliad and Odyssey • Celebration of Odysseus’ and Penelope’s intelligence

20. Agon • Competition or conflict, whether in sport, battle, or conversation. The Greeks love to compete • Examples: • Constant athletic challenges throughout the Iliad and Odyssey • Olympic Games

21. KleosAphthiton • Undying glory – the ultimate goal for the Ancient Greeks was to be remembered forever • Examples: • Achilles (Iliad): you know how he died • Kings trying to be the most powerful • Olympic athletes • Spartan warriors

22. The Tale of Croesus • Herodotus: the world’s first historian • Croesus: the king of Lydia, the most powerful kingdom in Western Asia

23. Where is Lydia? Persia Lydia Greece

24. The Oracles • Oracles can see the future • Most famous oracle was at Delphi • Locals will allow you to ask questions of the oracle…for a price Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi

25. Oracle at Delphi

26. A Mighty Empire Falls • The Lydian Empire!

27. A Mule is Monarch • It was Cyrus! • “the mule cited in the oracle is Cyrus himself, who was born from parents of different peoples and different social stations.”

28. The Lessons • Oracles are vague and must be interpreted carefully • Hubris (excessive pride) will bring you down

29. Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #6 If you act like you can’t lose, you will

30. What are some similarities between the Mycenaeans and Minoans? Pre-Greek Civilizations Both conquered Both dominated Mediterranean trade

31. Palace at Knossos

32. Grand Staircase

33. Theater

34. Plumbing 6 miles of interlocking pipes to bring water from the mountain

35. Art (frescos)