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Smart Climate Controller SCC. Project 6 Robin O ECE445 Senior Design July 15, 2005. Introduction. Background. About 30 children die each year from heat and entrapment A child’s body temperature can increase 3-5 times faster than an adult’s
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Smart Climate ControllerSCC Project 6 Robin O ECE445 Senior Design July 15, 2005
Background • About 30 children die each year from heat and entrapment • A child’s body temperature can increase 3-5 times faster than an adult’s • While it is 93°F outside, the inside of a vehicle can reach 120°F in 20 minutes and 140°F in 40 minutes even with a cracked window *Based on findings from Safe Kids Worldwide
Objective • To create a basis for an automatic climate control system in vehicles to protect unattended passengers from extreme temperatures
Features • Automatically engages/disengages via vehicle key • Uses CO2 sensor for more accurate decisions (350-5000 ppmCO2) • Constantly monitors temperature and adjusts accordingly • Simple and inexpensive components and circuitry
Benefits • Protects children, the disabled, elders, valued animals and or pets • Takes vehicle security precautions by locking doors and closing windows • Fully automated and easily disengaged • Simple and cost efficient
Execution • Emulates driver’s key in or out of the ignition • SCC engages when key is out of the ignition • SCC disengages when key is inserted into the ignition
Sensor Circuits • Senses both the CO2 concentration levels and the temperature inside the vehicle • Temperature sensor detects 60°F and 70°F • CO2 detects any increase in concentration levels (at least 350 ppm minimum)
Microcontroller • Monitors both the CO2 concentration levels and the temperature inside the vehicle • Begins monitoring temperature when CO2 level rises, or when a passenger has been detected • Begins cooling when temperature rises above 70°F, stops cooling below 60°F
Operations • Emulates the ignition, air-conditioning, power door locks, and the power windows • Consists of an array of LEDs
Environment Volume I Volume II 12”x12”x6” 864 cubic inches 20”x12”x11” 2640 cubic inches
Environment Volume I Volume II 12”x12”x6” 864 cubic inches 20”x12”x11” 2640 cubic inches
Components • Microcontroller: Microchip PIC16F877A • CO2 Sensor: Figaro Engineering TGS4161 • Temperature Sensor: National Instruments LM19CIZ
CO2 Sensor The Figaro TGS4161 CO2 Sensor
CO2 Sensor CO2 Sensor Ranges
Build Results/Functionality • Once completed, the SCC was able to: • Turn on via the key emulator switch • Detect at least a 87.06ppm increase in CO2 • Detect when the temperature rises above 79.5°F • Begin a sequence of events to turn on the ignition, the A/C, lock the doors, and to roll up the windows • Detect when the temperature falls below 79.5°F • Turn on the A/C when the temperature was above 79.5°F and to turn off the A/C when the temperature was below 79.5°F
Scaling & Approximating *According to Family Practice Notebook, LLC
Scaling & Approximating *Using Vital Lung Capacity (L) = 0.041h – 0.018 a – 2.69 where h is height (cm) and a is age (yrs) from regentsprep.org **Results here shown using average male height of 69.1in. and average female height of 63.7in. and 45 years as an average adult age according to pediatrics.about.com
Scaling & Approximating: Results • A 4 year old child would be detected after approximately 276 breaths have been taken in mid-sized sedan with about 172,800 cubic inches of interior volume • This is about 6.9 minutes after the car has been turned off
Assumptions • Vehicle requires power door locks and power windows • Vehicle needs to have an automatic transmission • The key will not be left in the ignition without the engine running • There is always sufficient gas • The passenger, if under age, will not attempt to drive the car once the ignition is on
Room For Expansion • Application of the SCC to cold weather using the heater • Application of the SCC to homes or other housing types with multiple rooms for energy and cost efficiency
Credits To… • Professor Gary Swenson • Professor Scott Carney • Professor Jennifer Bernhard • Tim O’Connell • Alex Spektor