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Cold War

Cold War. 1945 - 1989. Yalta Conference. Feb. 4-11, 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Europe’s Post war reorganization Germany divided into 4 zones of occupation Poland and Yugoslavia are to remain independent Soviets commit to getting involved in defeating Japan. The Big Three.

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Cold War

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  1. Cold War • 1945 - 1989

  2. Yalta Conference • Feb. 4-11, 1945 • Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin • Europe’s Post war reorganization • Germany divided into 4 zones of occupation • Poland and Yugoslavia are to remain independent • Soviets commit to getting involved in defeating Japan

  3. The Big Three

  4. Occupation of Germany

  5. Potsdam • July 16th 1945 • President Truman, Josef Stalin, Clement Atlee • China, U.S. and Great Britain commit to the total defeat of Japan • Soviet’s demand territorial concessions in the East • U.S. become suspicious of Soviet intentions in the future • Allies agree to prosecute Nazi war criminals in an international war tribunal

  6. Potsdam Big Three

  7. Nuremberg • 1945 - 1949 • Trial of major Nazi war criminals • Most notable was Hitler’s number 2 man Herman Goering • 23 tried, 12 sentenced to death, 5 acquitted, and the remaining sentenced to prison sentences ranging from 15 years to life

  8. The Dock

  9. Marshall Plan • Secretary of State George C. Marshall • U.S. commit 13 billion dollars in aid to rebuild Europe • 2 conditions: must allow the U.S. to look at the books and must use money to buy U.S. goods • Soviet view this as a U.S. attempt at indirect imperialism and they counter this with the Molotov plan

  10. Truman Doctrine • March 12th, 1947 Truman pledges to support all free peoples who are fighting armed minorities (aka communists) • U.S. sends 400 million dollars to help Greek government to overthrow rebel communist forces • I wonder how the Soviets viewed this • This same doctrine will apply to Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, and central American countries

  11. Berlin Airlift • Berlin was divided into 4 zones of occupation creating east and west Berlin • Stalin wanted the West out of the city because US bombers could reach Moscow • Blockades Berlin from the ground for 11 months • Allies flew 270 000 flights and over 2 million tons of supplies

  12. NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization • April 4th, 1949 - West forms a military alliance • Collective defense against foreign aggression • Members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States • What message does this send to the Soviets?

  13. Warsaw Pact • May 14th, 1955 • Soviet response to NATO • Members: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union

  14. The Arms Race • 1949- Soviet Union explodes is first A-bomb • 1952- US explodes H-bomb • 1953- Soviets explode H- bomb • US B52 bomber could fly 6000 miles to deliver a nuclear payload • 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik (satellite). It’s vehicle would be the worlds first ICBM(Inter-continental Ballistic Missile)

  15. Arms Race continued • 1950’s US intelligence estimate 20 million Americans will be lost in a nuclear attack and 22 million will be injured • 1960 US build Polaris submarine which is capable of launching 16 nuclear warheads from under the water • 1961 - there are enough nuclear bombs to destroy the whole world • 1967 - China explodes the H-bomb1981 USA=8000 ICBM’s • 1981 USA = 8000 ICBM’s USSR= 7000 ICBM’s • US defense spending = 178 billion dollars • 1986 = 40 000 nuclear warheads

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