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What are the Expectations For These Consultations?

An Assessment of Bioenergy Opportunities in St. Kitts & Nevis Mark Lambrides Kevin De Cuba Department of Sustainable Development Organization of American States 28 August 2007. What are the Expectations For These Consultations?. A Brief Background to the Current Assessment.

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What are the Expectations For These Consultations?

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  1. An Assessment of Bioenergy Opportunities in St. Kitts & NevisMark LambridesKevin De Cuba Department of Sustainable DevelopmentOrganization of American States28 August 2007

  2. What are the Expectations For These Consultations?

  3. A Brief Background to the Current Assessment • Originated out of the long-term commitment/relationship between St. Kitts and Nevis and the GSEII • Support to catalyze transition to sustainable energy - Sustainable Energy Plans (SEPs) • Geothermal feasibility assessment, policy, and capacity building • Request from SKN Federation Government for technical assistance in assessing potential for conversion of sugar cane to bio-energy • GSEII Partners • OAS • The Climate Institute • Energy and Security Group • GSEII Sponsors • United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) • United Nations Foundation (UNF) • Governments of Italy, Austria, and USA (USAID) • REEEP

  4. Who are the Institutional Partners for the Next Stage? • Federation Government St. Kitts & Nevis • USA – Brazil (via Biofuels Bilateral Agreement) • GSEII • Austria -> UNIDO • IICA • Private sector developers

  5. Bioenergy: Does it Really Matter? • Yes, for the economy… Shutdown of the sugar industry after 350 years of operation: • Unemployment • Opportunities for new business development • Yes, for the environment … • Sugar cane protects vs. erosion; water supply; green landscape • Diesel powered generation and results in local and global pollution • Yes, for the energy sector … • 100% of the electricity and transportation fueled by imported petroleum products, whose costs are costs are high and rising • Yes, for the waste management sector … • Current waste dump is filling fast • Modernize waste management/treatment procedures management practices

  6. Methodology for the Assessment • Broad stakeholder consultation • Interviews with key local experts • Data gathering/research via local sources, international, and other • Regular consultation with government officials, sugar industry reps, electric utility • Interviews with multiple international bioenergy industry reps • Preparation of draft assessment report • Consultation/reporting out on findings…

  7. Considerations for the Assessment • Product(s) should be profitable – commercial • Competing interests for the land (housing, hotels, golf courses, light industrial…) • Product(s) should address multiple challenges (energy, reduce imports, protect the environment, create jobs…) • All output scenarios assume improvements in infrastructure (i.e. transport system), agricultural practices (i.e. mechanized harvesting), and modern commercially available conversion technologies

  8. Sugarcane in St. Kitts Today

  9. Current state of waste management

  10. What were the key inputs for the assessment? • Agricultural sector (available land, sugar production, sugar characteristics…) • Waste sector (quantities of trash, qualities of trash, waste handling system…) • Energy sector (electricity system, transportation system, fuel costs…) • Bio-Energy conversion technologies

  11. What are the quantities and qualities of potential feedstocks? … The Sugar Sector

  12. What are the quantities and qualities of potential feedstocks? … Municipal Solid Waste

  13. What is the potential demand for bioenergy products? … The Electricity Sector (St. Kitts only)

  14. What is the potential demand for bioenergy products? … The Transportation Sector (St. Kitts only) • 12,217 vehicles registered • Majority of vehicles manufactured in 1970s & 1980s • Gasoline imports approximately 3.3 million gallons at an estimated cost of US$10.6 million (2005 data) • Ethanol export (CBI) potential…?

  15. What are the Key Results of the Assessment?

  16. Summary of the Results Scenario 1 – Focused on Ethanol Production Results Ethanol production St. Kitts

  17. Scenario Conclusions - Ethanol • Price (baseline) • The projected cost of producing ethanol in St. Kitts according to this study would exceed US$2.00 per gallon (range:US$1.85 to US$2.87 per gallon. • This compares with ethanol production costs of approximately US$0.75 per gallon in Brazil, US$1.80 per gallon in the United States, and US$1.40 per gallon in Guyana • Some pricing trade offs may be effective vis-à-vis electricity sales • Quantity • With batch blending of approximately 10% with gasoline - Approximately 409,619 gallons/year of ethanol may be utilized domestically (out of approximately 2.7 million gallons produced - As a result, an excess of 2.3 million gallons of ethanol would be available for export • Remaining bagasse could be used for limited supplies of electricity

  18. Summary of the Results for Scenario 2 - Focused on Electricity Production

  19. Scenario Conclusions - Electricity • Price • The projected electricity production costs for St. Kitts according to this study are estimated at US$0.13/kWh (range: US$0.085 to US$0.17/kWh) • This compares with an estimated electricity production cost US$0.17/kWh; 2005) • Availability (timing and quantity) • Generation limited to harvest months (4-5 months per year); no irrigation; limited fuel storage potential • Given limited production period, cane supplies could satisfy full demand during 100-150 days of generation, with >full use of land • Cane juice available for rum, ethanol, or other by-products

  20. Important Considerations • Trade offs regarding land use • Energy product selection • Electricity • Technology used (gasification) • Co-firing (e.g. coal) • Internal energy efficiency upgrade • Ethanol • Import hydrated ethanol/combine with local product to produce product for export • Trade off between ethanol and electricity • Domestic use vs. exports • By-Product options (rum, other) • Improving the biomass feedstock quality/availability • Introduce irrigation • Storage capacity (drying, juice storage, etc.) • Genetically modify (increase sucrose/fiber content) • Cultivation, handling & transport logistics • Development scenarios • Role of commercial developers vs. government • International bidding? • Timeline/urgency…

  21. What’s next in SKN? • Follow up meeting with key officials • Move toward a commitment to proceed down bioenergy pathway • Initiate partnership with US-Brazil Biofuels Agreement • SKN, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and El Salvador will participate • OAS, IADB, and others will support US and Brazilian governments in providing assistance • Initiate follow up activities with UNIDO/Austria/UNF support • Determine key land, infrastructure, ownership, sales, and other variables for development • Initiate search for developer(s) [also considering prior expressions of Interest] • Launch development …

  22. Mark Lambrides Energy Division Chief mlambrides@oas.org Kevin de Cuba Energy Specialist kdecuba@oas.org Thank you!

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