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Explore the reasons behind European exploration including the search for wealth, spreading Christianity, and acquiring land. Learn about key explorers and their expeditions.
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European Exploration • Reasons for European Exploration: • Gold- New trade routes could led them to wealth • God- They wanted to spread Christianity • Glory- Explorers could become hero's and acquire land for their countries • During the Christian Crusades Europeans were exposed to new goods from Asia like silk and spices. • Western Europeans wanted to find a new trade route that would allow them to get to Asia faster and avoid going through Italy
European Exploration • Portugal- In the 1400’s Prince Henry the Navigator decided to reach Asia by traveling around the tip of Africa • Spain-In the late 1400’s Spain sent Christopher Columbus to reach Asia by going west across the Atlantic Ocean • England-in the 1600 & 1700’s England became the largest world empire by acquiring colonies in North America, Africa, India, and Australia • France-between 1600 and 1900 France controlled much of Italy and Germany and many islands throughout the world
World War I: A Deadly War • World War I was a very deadly war that claimed over 22 million lives. • What technology was used the for the first time during war? • Airplanes • Tanks • Submarines • Poisonous Gas
World War I • Germany was known to be very destructive and used poisonous gas • The new machines of war led to a military strategy called Trench Warfare: armies would dig trenches in the ground and try to take land very slowly
Russian Revolution The end of the Russian Empire In 1914 World War I began, but Nicholas II, the Russian czar did not want to get involved. Yet Russia found itself fighting against Germany and its partner During the war, Russia experienced food shortages and strikes.
Russian Revolution • In 1917 the Russian czar was forced to give up power, • This overturning of the Russian monarchy is known as the Russian Revolution getting • In 1918 Nicholas II and the royal family were all shot to death. This execution ended nearly 400 years of czarist rule.
Russian Revolution • The leader of the Russian Revolution was Vladimir Lenin • Took Russia out of World War I (1917) • He changed the name of the country from Russia to the Soviet Union • He made the government practice communism: the government controls the government and the economy
Russian Revolution • Many Russians wanted communism because Lenin promised to end their hunger, poverty and unemployment. • But Lenin became a dictator and Russian citizens didn’t have political power. • A communist Soviet Union leads to disagreements with the United States later on.
Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI. The treaty demanded that Germany be punished by Paying for damages done to other countries Giving up part of its territory (land) This treaty made Germans very mad and helped to create economic (money) problems for Germany
Worldwide Depression • After WWI the world’s economy was in bad shape: • WWI killed many civilians (workers) of many countries and destroyed land, factories and infrastructure
Worldwide Depression 2. The United States had the Great Depression,(1929) so it bought less things from other countries 3. Companies went out of business so more people were unemployed.
Rise of Hitler & the Nazi Party How did the Great Depression help put Adolph Hitler in power? Germany was faced with a bad economy. Hitler told the people he could fix Germany’s economic problems by ridding them of the Jews.
Holocaust • Poor Germans believed Hitler had the solution to their bad economy and promised to make Germany strong again. • Germans elected Adolf Hitler who was of the Nazi Party. • Germany killed 6 millions Jews under Hitler which is known as the Holocaust.
WWII • From 1941 to 1945 the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union had a common enemy: Germany • F.D.R: President of the U.S • Winston Churchill: Prime Minister of the U.K. • Joseph Stalin: Dictator of the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R)
The Cold War • After WWII, and Germany was defeated, the United Kingdom and the United States wanted to rebuild Europe as free democratic nations with free market economies • Individual citizens are free to decide what to make and what price to sell it for
The Cold War • But, the Soviet Union wanted to rebuild Europe and a communist government and the economy is centralized (controlled) by the government • Government decides what to make and what price to sell it for
The Cold War Once WWII ended and Germany was defeated there was little reason for Western Europe to work with Eastern Europe. Western countries had constitutional monarchies or democracies Eastern countries had communist, largely Soviet controlled governments
