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Nationalism, Expansion, and the Market Economy 1816-1845. Chapter 10. James Monroe. I. “Era of Good Feeling”. 1816-James Monroe elected president Tension: Tariffs Slavery Political power Patriotism Reverence for past American heroes. II. A New Tariff and its Opposition.
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Nationalism, Expansion, and the Market Economy 1816-1845 Chapter 10
I. “Era of Good Feeling” • 1816-James Monroe elected president • Tension: • Tariffs • Slavery • Political power • Patriotism • Reverence for past American heroes
II. A New Tariff and its Opposition • Tariff of 1816 • Protect American industry • 20% duty on imported goods; 1st “protective tariff” • Sectional Crisis • South hated it-John C. Calhoun • North needed it-Daniel Webster
A New Tariff and its Opposition (cont’d) 5. American System—Henry Clay • Re-charter of the Bank of U.S. • Tariffs • Infrastructure • Monroevetoed bills for public works • MonroeConst. didn’t provide for the Fed. Gov. to fund public works in the states
III. Troubles with the Bank of the United States • Panic of 1819—Second BUS overspeculated • BUSpayments hard specie (coin) • Banks loaned out $$no vaulted money! • BUSforeclosure on farmers who couldn’t pay their debts • Landless farmers
IV. Missouri Compromise • Should newly admitted states allow slavery? • South needed slaves • North didn’t • 1819-Missouri applies for statehood • 1819-11 free states; 11 slave states
Tallmadge Amendment • Admit MO as a state • No more slaves to be brought into MO • Emancipation for children of slaves at 25 • Missouri Compromise 1820 • 3 Bills • MO a slave state • Maine a free state • 36°30´--no slavery above this line!!! • Lasted 34 years
V. Monroe Doctrine • Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817 • Disarmed Great Lakes & frontier borders • Created longest unfortified border 2. Adam-Onis Treaty • U.S. gains FL • Spain abandons claims in the Oregon Territory
Monroe Doctrine (cont’d) 3. Britain wanted an alliance with the U.S. 4. Sec. of State John Q. AdamsNo way! 5. Monroe Doctrine • “Nonintervention” in Latin America • End to European colonization • Check the power of Europe in the western hemisphere
VI. Economy and Society • 1820-1860—National Market Economy • Westgrains/food for our nation • East/North-->Industry • Southplantation; Cotton gin (Eli Whitney 1793)
VII. Transportation • Turnpikes; toll roads • National Road (Cumberland) • Connected western Maryland & Illinois
3. Robert Fulton; Steamboat 1807
Transportation Advancement (cont’d) Keelboat
Erie Canal, 1825 • Linked the Great Lakes & the Hudson River • Led to growth of port cities • Cost of shipping dropped
RRfastest, most convenient; shipping by freight • 1860—30,000 miles of RR • Gap between rich & poor widened • East & west closely connected • North & south tension grew
VIII. Immigrants and Society • Shift in demographics • 1840s—Irish & German immigrants • 1830-1860—Irish largest immigrant group • Irish • Roman Catholic • Poor • Competed for jobs
Immigrants and Society (cont’d) • Germans not popular either: • Displaced farmers • Western frontier • Nativists—Anti-immigrant • 1849—American Party (Know Nothing Party) • Opposed immigration
Immigrants and Society (cont’d) • Opposed election of Roman Catholics • Met in secret; when asked what they stood for they said: “I KNOW NOTHING”
IX. Sectional Tension Grows, 1820-1850 • Industrial North & Agricultural Northwest