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Early Civilizations in Asia

Early Civilizations in Asia. The Indus River Valley And China. The Indus River Valley Civilization. Ancient India. Environmental Challenges. Flooding Monsoons Mountains as barriers from invasion Indus River a link to the sea. Rivers of the Subcontinent. Indus River Ganges River

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Early Civilizations in Asia

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  1. Early Civilizations in Asia The Indus River Valley And China

  2. The Indus River Valley Civilization Ancient India

  3. Environmental Challenges • Flooding • Monsoons • Mountains as barriers from invasion • Indus River a link to the sea

  4. Rivers of the Subcontinent • Indus River • Ganges River • Indus-Ganges Plain (stretches 1,500 miles across northern India.)

  5. Monsoons • Seasonal Winds • Winter monsoons blow dry air from October to May. • Spring monsoons blow from the southwest starting in June bringing moisture from the ocean.

  6. Cities • The largest cities were Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa. • Cities were laid out on a precise grid system. • The citadel (fortified area) contained the major buildings of the city.

  7. Cities • Residential areas • Buildings made of uniform bricks • Sophisticated plumbing and sewage

  8. Culture/Trade

  9. Pictures

  10. The End of Indus Valley Culture • No one is sure what happened to this early culture. • No floods to provide water, overfarming, natural disaster, attack from enemies…???

  11. River Dynasties in China

  12. Geography • China has many natural barriers • Pacific Ocean • Taklimakan Desert • Plateau of Tibet • Himalaya Mountains • Gobi Desert • Mongolian Plateau.

  13. Major Rivers • Huang He in the North (Yellow River) • Yangtze in the central area of China

  14. The Gobi Desert and the Yangtze River

  15. Challenges • Flooding (Huang He/ “China’s Sorrow” • Geographic isolation • Invasions

  16. Anyang capital Massive earth walls for protection Elaborate palaces Tombs Shang Dynasty

  17. Shang Dynasty

  18. Social Classes • King • Nobles • Peasants

  19. Family and Society • Family was very important. • The most important virtue was respect for one’s parents. • Fathers made decisions; mothers were inferior. • Marriages were arranged between the ages of 13 and 16. Women hoped to have sons to improve their station in life.

  20. Religious Beliefs • The spirits of family ancestors could bring good things or misfortunes. • Every family member paid respect/sacrificed to the ancestors. • Oracle Bones (animal bones or turtoise shells that priests scratched questions for the gods)

  21. Writing • Began with Oracle Bones. • There were no links with China’s written and spoken language. • Written language helped unify a large and diverse land. • Enormous amount of characters—a different one for each idea—1,000 characters to be literate, 10,000 to be a scholar!

  22. Artistry and Technology • Bronzeworking- used in religious rituals or as symbols of power • Silk Production- silk shoes were a symbol of civilization • Weapons, jewelry, and religious items…

  23. Zhou Overthrows Shang • Declared that the Shang were such bad rulers that the gods had taken over away their rule • Justification came from the Mandate of Heaven

  24. Mandate of Heaven • Divine approval for a ruler and dynasty

  25. Dynastic Cycles • The rise, decline, and replacement of a dynasty • Example: The Zhou overthrew the Shang

  26. Feudalism • Nobles are granted land in exchange for loyalty and military service Zhou Dynasty used this method to control different regions of the land

  27. Zhou Improvements • Coined money • Roads • Canals • Iron (daggers, swords, knives, blades)

  28. Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires • Qin Shihuangdi and the Qin Dynasty— • Terra Cotta Soldiers • The Great Wall of China • Centralized Government • Legalism

  29. The Han Dynasty • Confucianism took the place of harsh Legalism • Civil Service • Han Wudi • Water mills and iron casting • Rudder, rigging to sail into the wind • Confucian Classics

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