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Indirect Statement

Learn about indirect statements in English, including examples, Latin verbs, and translation rules for present, past, and future tenses. Master the correct forms of infinitives in indirect statements.

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Indirect Statement

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  1. Indirect Statement

  2. What Is Indirect Statement? In English an indirect statement consists of a independent clause that uses a verb of thinking, knowing, hearing, perceiving, etc., and a dependent noun clause which is usually introduced by the word that. Example: Niobe saidthat she had many sons and daughters. Niobe dixit se multos filios et multas filias habere. Nota bene: se is an important reflexive pronoun which often introduces indirect statements. It reflect the subject and can mean: he, she, it, or they Some Latin verbs that introduce indirect statement are: audio – I hear sentio -- I feel video – I see scio -- I know dico -- I say cerno -- I discern ostendo -- I show monstro – I show (cog)nosco --I recognize puto -- I think spero -- I hope insto – I threaten

  3. How to Translate an Indirect Statement The translation of the infinitive in the indirect statement depends upon the tense of the main verb. If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is present tense then the infinitive will be translated as a present tense verb. Example: Present Active Infinitive Dicopueros vocare. I saythat the boys are calling. Present Passive Infinitive Dicopueros vocari. I saythat the boys are called.

  4. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is present tense then the infinitive will be translated as a past tense verb. Example: Present Active Infinitive Dixipueros vocare. I saidthat the boys called. Present Passive Infinitive Dixipueros vocari. I saidthat the boys were called.

  5. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is perfect tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “have.” Example: Perfect Active Infinitive Dicopueros vocavisse. I saythat the boys have called. Perfect Passive Infinitive Dicopueros vocatos esse. I saythat the boys have been called.

  6. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is perfect tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “had.” Example: Perfect Active Infinitive Dixipueros vocavisse. I saidthat the boys had called. Perfect Passive Infinitive Dixipueros vocatos esse. I saidthat the boys had been called.

  7. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is future tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb“will.” Example: Future Active Infinitive Dicopueros vocaturos esse. I saythat the boys will call.

  8. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is future tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “would.” Example: Future Active Infinitive Dixipueros vocaturos esse. I saidthat the boys would call.

  9. How to Translate an Indirect Statement Memorize the chart below to assist you in translating an indirect statement.

  10. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he will conquer Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam ____________. a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

  11. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar said that Gaul had been conquered by him . Caesar dixit Galliam a se ______________. a. victuram esse b. Victam esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

  12. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he conquered Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam _____________. a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

  13. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he has conquered Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam ____________ a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

  14. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar said that he would conquer Gaul. Caesar dixit se Galliam _________________. a. victurum esse b. Victum esse c. vinci d. vincere

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