Body Organization

1. Body Organization Basic Anatomy - Tissues and Organs

2. Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ systems There are many different types of cells in the human body. None of these cells function very well on their own. They are part of the larger organism - YOU

3. Animal cell

5. TISSUES Cells group together to form tissues. TISSUES – collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function • 4 Primary Tissue Types: • Epithelial Tissue • Connective Tissue • Muscle Tissue • Nerve Tissue

7. Epithelial Tissue • STRUCTURE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE Consists of layers (formed by cells tightly bound together) of cells that line or cover all internal and external body surfaces. • FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE Functions as protective barrier, keeps organs in place, and separate from other organs or parts. • EXAMPLES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE outer layer of skin, inside of mouth and stomach, tissue surrounding body organs and blood vessels

8. Epithelial Tissue, the 2 main kinds Columnar Epithelial Tissue Squamous Epithelial Tissue

9. Epithelial squamous tissue Lining of blood vessels

10. Epithelial squamous tissue Lining of blood vessels

11. Development of epithelial tissues http://www.curie.fr/recherche/themes/detail_equipe.cfm/lang/_gb/id_equipe/281.htm

12. Different kind of epithelial tissues http://cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/Medical/practice_lab_exam_Epithelium.htm

13. Lining of blood vessels Surfaces subject to abrasion: mouth, esophagus Columnar epithelial tissues Intestinal Lining

14. Cancer http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/wku/cancer.htm

15. Skin cancer

16. Connective Tissue Most diverse and abundant of the four types of tissue Binds, supports, and protects structures in the body Examples: bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fat, blood Loose connective tissue Fibrous connective tissue

17. Connective Tissue Cartilage

18. Sharks Sharks are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. The earliest known sharks date from more than 420 million years ago, before the time of the dinosaurs They are made of mostly connective tissues, except for the teeth, which are the only remains of prehistoric sharks

19. Sharks

20. The Megalodon

21. Megalodon

22. Sharks

23. Connective Tissue Tendons

24. Connective Tissue Tendons

26. Connective tissues Blood cells

27. Muscle Tissue Specialized tissue that can contract. Three types of Muscle tissue: Skeletal – moves bones in your body Smooth – handles body functions that you cannot control consciously, e.g. movement of food through digestive tract. Cardiac – found in the heart, pumps blood through body

28. Muscle Tissue

29. Muscle Tissue

30. Muscle Tissue

31. Muscle Tissue Cardiac

32. Nerve Tissue Contains cells (neurons) that receive and transmit messages in the form of electrical impulses. Makes up the brain, spinal cord, nerves, also found in parts of sensory organ – retina in eye Provides sensation of the internal and external environment and integrates sensory info. Coordination of voluntary and involuntary activities and some body processes accomplished by nervous tissue.

33. http://www.washington.uwc.edu/about/faculty/schaefer_w/TissuesPage.htmhttp://www.washington.uwc.edu/about/faculty/schaefer_w/TissuesPage.htm

37. ORGANS Organs are the next level of organization in the body. An organ is a structure that contains at least two different types of tissue functioning together for a common purpose. 

38. ORGAN SYSTEMS Organ systems are composed of two or more different organs that work together to provide a common function.  There are 10 major organ systems in the human body.

39. Skeletal System • Major Role (Function):Provide support for the body, to protect delicate internal organs and to provide attachment sites for the organs. • Major Organs (Structure):Bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.

40. Integumentary System • Major Role (Function):To protect against pathogens; helps regulate body temperatures • Major Organs/Structures:Skin, hair, nails

41. Muscular System • Major Role (Function):Provide movement.  Muscles work in pairs to move limbs and provide and provide mobility.  • Muscles also control the movement of materials through some organs, such as the stomach and intestine, and the heart and circulatory system. • Major Organs: Skeletal muscles and smooth muscles throughout the body

42. Circulatory System • Major Role:The main role of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients, gases (such as oxygen and CO2), hormones and wastes through the body. • Major Organs:Heart, blood vessels and blood.

43. Nervous System • Major Role:To relay electrical signals through the body.  The nervous system directs behaviour and movement and, along with the endocrine system, controls physiological processes such as digestion, circulation, etc • Major Organs: Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

44. Respiratory System • Major Role:Provide gas exchange between the blood and the environment.  Primarily, oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into the body and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body. • Major Organs: Nose, trachea and lungs.

45. Digestive System • Major Role:The main role of the digestive system is to breakdown and absorb nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintenance. • Major Organs:Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines.

46. Excretory System • Major Role:To filter out cellular wastes, toxins and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system.  • Major Organs: Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

47. Endocrine System • Major Role:To relay chemical messages through the body.  In conjunction with the nervous system, these chemical messages help control physiological processes such as nutrient absorption, growth, etc • Major Organs: Many glands exist in the body that secrete endocrine hormones.  Among these are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands.

48. Reproductive System • Major Role:To manufacture cells that allow reproduction.  In the male, sperm are created to inseminate egg cells produced in the female. • Major Organs:Female (top): ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina and mammary glands.  Male (bottom): testes, seminal vesicles and penis. 

49. Lymphatic/Immune System • Major Role:To destroy and remove invading microbes and viruses from the body.  The lymphatic system also removes fat and excess fluids from the blood.  • Major Organs:Lymph, lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells, T- and B- cells.

50. Ganglions cyst