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World History 1500 to Present

World History 1500 to Present. Unit 3 Vocabulary: French Revolution and other Enlightenment inspired revolutions, spread of nationalism; Unification Movements; Industrial Revolution SOLs: 1 a-e; 6 d-g; 7 a-d; 8 a-c. Bourgeoisie.

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World History 1500 to Present

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  1. World History 1500 to Present Unit 3 Vocabulary: French Revolution and other Enlightenment inspired revolutions, spread of nationalism; Unification Movements; Industrial Revolution SOLs: 1 a-e; 6 d-g; 7 a-d; 8 a-c

  2. Bourgeoisie • This term refers to the wealthiest members of the Third estate in France, or “the middle class.”

  3. The bourgeoisie were the wealthiest members of the Third Estate.

  4. Bastille • This was a state prison and royal armory that an angry mob attacked on July 14, 1789.

  5. Louis XVI • This French royal was too late in enacting reforms and controlling expenses of the royal family. He lost his head when the revolution got more radical.

  6. Robespierre • A believer in the social contract theory, this leader of the Committee of Public Safety was once called “the Incorruptible,” but his extremism led to his arrest and execution at the guillotine.

  7. Reign of Terror • This was an attempt by the National Convention and the Committee of Public Safety to protect France and the goals of the revolution from “enemies” at home and abroad. Up to 40,000 people were executed.

  8. Napoleon • This leader of France rose up through the military ranks to become the self-proclaimed emperor of France after the revolution de-stabilized the nation

  9. Jacques Louis David • This was the leading artist of the French Revolution best known for painting grand portraits of Napoleon.

  10. Toussaint L’Ouverture • Born a slave on the island of Haiti, this person was called the “tree of black liberty” and is known for inspiring his followers to establish Haiti as the first non-slave nation in the Western Hemisphere.

  11. “Tree of Black Liberty”

  12. Simon Bolivar • This educated Creole led an uprising inspired by the American and French Revolutions and established the republic of Venezuela in South America.

  13. His legacy contributed decisively to the independence of present-day Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá, Perú and Venezuela

  14. Congress of Vienna • This was a gathering of European powers to restore stability to Europe after 25 years of war. Dominated by conservative forces, the powers agreed to crush uprisings inspired by enlightenment ideas.

  15. Klemens von Metternich • This Austrian foreign minister was in charge of directing the European peace settlement in 1815.

  16. Clemens von Metternich und James Monroe"

  17. Count Cavour • This crafty politician was appointed prime minister of Sardinia and helped expand the economy and push out foreign influences. Eventually, he helped unite Italy.

  18. G. Garibaldi • This Italian patriot was the leader of the Red Shirts and united much of Southern Italy through his military victories.

  19. Otto von Bismarck • This Prussian noble is credited with masterminding the unification of Germany.

  20. Otto von Bismarck Bergman

  21. Realpolitik • This term means politics that are based on practical matters rather than on theory or ethics.

  22. Romanticism • This artistic movement emerged as a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment and stressed feelings, emotions, and the imagination as sources of knowledge.

  23. James Hargreaves • This textile worker invented a spinning wheel –a spinning jenny- that could allow one worker to work eight threads at the same time, thus speeding up textile work.

  24. James Watt • This person is a credited with improving the steam engine that powered much of the Industrial Revolution.

  25. Eli Whitney • This person is best known for inventing the cotton gin which removed seeds from the cotton and sped up production.

  26. REMOVES SEEDS DOES NOT PICK COTTON!!!

  27. Henry Bessemer • This person created a better process for turning iron into steel.

  28. Edward Jenner • This person invented a vaccine for smallpox.

  29. Louis Pasteur • This person proposed the germ theory of disease and eventually developed a process for purifying milk.

  30. Charles Darwin • This English naturalist challenged the idea of special creation with his theory that all forms of life evolved from earlier forms of life. He wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.

  31. Sigmund Freud • This Austrian doctor believed that the unconscious mind drives how people think and act. He developed a therapy called psychoanalysis to help patients deal with the psychological conflicts created by these forces.

  32. Adam Smith • This icon of capitalism wrote The Wealth of Nations in which he explains the market forces of supply and demand that are crucial to economic growth.

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