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Get out one sheet of paper and write these targets at the top

This assignment focuses on describing the circumstances before US involvement in World War II, identifying significant military and political aspects, and analyzing a political cartoon. It needs to be completed today.

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Get out one sheet of paper and write these targets at the top

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  1. Get out one sheet of paper and write these targets at the top I can. . . Describe circumstances at home and abroad prior to U.S. involvement in World War II Identify the significant military and political aspects of World War II

  2. This must be completed TODAY! • You will need a GREEN U.S. History book and one partner (as well as) your one sheet of paper with the targets on the top. • Turn to page 542 • Using the text, complete Dictators Threaten World Peace, parts A and B • Using the text, complete War in Europe, parts A and B • Japanese Aggression (questions on the back) • Political Cartoon • 1. Identify the figures in the cartoon? Who does each represent? • 2. What is meant by the sign, “Follies of 1936”? You may need to use your book. • 3. What message is the cartoonist sending to the reader? • 4. Give this cartoon a caption or title? • Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Quarantine Speech” – answer the three questions at the bottom

  3. WORLD WAR II • was the deadliest conflict in human history by far. The exact figures will never be known, but as many as 50–60 million people around the world lost their lives as a result of conflict between September 1939 and August 1945. At least one-third were civilians: killed, maimed, or made homeless by aerial bombing, starvation, disease, or other causes

  4. Military Deaths (in approximate figures) • Soviet Union: 7 million (at least; the actual figure may be as high as 13 • million) • Germany: 4 million • China: 3.5 million • Japan: 1.2 million • United States: 405,399 • Yugoslavia: 300,000 • British Commonwealth: 344,000 (United Kingdom: 244,000; Canada: • 37,000; India 24,000; Australia 23,000; New Zealand 10,000; South • Africa 6,000) • Romania: 200,000 • France: 200,000 • Italy: 165,000 • Hungary: 120,000 • Poland: 120,000 • Czechoslovakia: 10,000

  5. Civilian Deaths (in approximate figures) • China: 10 million • Soviet Union: 7 million (at least) • Poland: 6 million • Germany: 1.6 million (up to 2 million ethnic Germans from Eastern • Europe may also have died) • Yugoslavia: 1 million • Romania: 465,000 • France: 400,000 • Czechoslovakia: 330,000 • Japan: 380.000 • Hungary: 280,000 • Greece: 250,000 • Netherlands: 190,000 • United Kingdom: 60,000

  6. Essential Question: • Was World War 2 inevitable?

  7. Major Causes of World War II

  8. Attempts at Peace After WWI • League of Nations • U.S. never joined • No teeth/enforcement • Naval Disarmament (Washington Naval Conference and London Naval Conference) • Major countries pledge to reduce warships, cruisers, and destroyers • Nine-Power Treaty • Support equal trading rights in China and respect for China’s independence • Kellogg-Briand Pact • Agreement to outlaw war as an “instrument of national policy”; 60 nations. But no enforcement!

  9. Aggression • 1931 – Japanese invasion of Manchuria • 1935 – Italian invasion of Ethiopia • 1935 – Germany reintroduces conscription • 1936 – Germany remilitarizes the Rhineland • 1936 – Spanish civil war won by Franco • 1937 – Japanese of China • 1938 – German annexing of Austria

  10. 1938 – Munich Pact • Germany gets the Sudetenland • Policy of appeasement • 1939 – Italy invades and annexes Albania • 1939 – Germany demands the return of Danzig and the Polish Corridor • 1939 – Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact • No fighting each other; divide Poland • Really it gave the Soviets time • Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland

  11. What the U.S. was doing • Passing Neutrality Acts (1935, 1937) • Prohibited the sale of war implements to belligerents (later includes steel, oil) • Prohibited loans to belligerents • Prohibited Americans from sailing on ships of belligerents • Restricted entry of American merchant ships into war zones

  12. FDR’s Quarantine Speech 1937 • Warned that the western hemisphere may be attacked • World lawlessness was an “epidemic of physical disease” • Aggressive nations must be quarantined • This was a test of America’s will to engage • American’s were not ready to reengage in conflict

  13. However, • By 1941 things change • Initial German successes • Poland, Denmark, Norway, France, and almost Britain. . . done • U.S. changes its tone • Neutrality Act of 1939 – cash and carry • Selective Service Act of 1940 – 1st peacetime draft • Destroyer-Naval Base Deal (1940) – 50 destroyers for military bases in Western Hemisphere • Lend-Lease Act (1941) – garden hose analogy ($50 billion) • Atlantic Charter (1941) – four freedoms; U.N. proposal • Embargo of Japan – no aviation fuel or scrap iron; froze their American assets

  14. Atlantic Charter • The U.S. and Britain • Seek no territorial gain • Respected the right of all people to choose their own form of government • “We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-- everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want . . . everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear . . . anywhere in the world.” • Nations must abandon the use of force • We need to establish a “system of general security.” –the United Nations

  15. the Coming of War Japan had become a highly militarized state, intent on expanding into China & beyond U.S. attitudes towards the Japanese – years of the “yellow peril” U.S. bans the sale of aviation fuel and scrap metal to the Japanese; reduces their oil supplies by 90% The Dutch and French can’t hold on to their Asian possessions U.S. freezes Japanese assets and places an all-out trade embargo on Japan

  16. Dec. 7, 1941 • 20 ships; 350 aircraft 2,400+ dead; 1,200 wounded • The awakening of a sleeping giant -http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3e99lfmmDN0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQm_I3GpaGM

  17. Japanese Internment Timeline • 1891 - Japanese immigrants arrive on the mainland U.S. for work primarily as agricultural laborers. • 1906 - The San Francisco Board of Education passes a resolution to segregate children of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ancestry. • 1913 - California passes the Alien Land Law, forbidding "all aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning land. • 1924 - Congress passes the Immigration Act of 1924 effectively ending all Japanese immigration to the U.S. • November 1941 - Munson Report released (Document B). • December 7, 1941 - Japan bombs U.S. ships and planes at the Pearl Harbor military base in Hawaii. • February 19, 1942 - President Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066 authorizing military authorities to exclude civilians from any area without trial or hearing. Under the leadership of War Relocation Authority.

  18. The Pacific Theater • http://ww2.wwarii.com/var/albums/maps_documents/pacific_theater/ww2-asia-overview.gif

  19. 4 phases of the Pacific Theater • 1st: Dec 41-June 42: Japanese Offensive • 2nd: June 42-late 43: Stalemate • 3rd: late 43-Sept 45: Allied Offensive • MacArthur’s amphibious operation; island hopping • Nimitz’s naval campaign • Both merge to invade the Philippines, Iwo Jima, Okinawa • 4th: summer 45: Firebombing

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