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The Cold War. Yalta Conference. Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin. Yalta Conference. Meeting in February, 1945. Members present were Great Britain, United States, and the Soviet Union. The group discussed how Germany would be occupied after the war and how to help the German people.
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Yalta Conference Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin
Yalta Conference • Meeting in February, 1945. • Members present were Great Britain, United States, and the Soviet Union. • The group discussed how Germany would be occupied after the war and how to help the German people. • Stalin agrees to enter the war in the Pacific after Germany surrenders. • Stalin enters after the dropping of the 1st atomic bomb.
President Harry S. Truman • Truman is going to take over as President after FDR dies in final term of office. Truman pushes for the Manhattan Project to be completed.
The Marshall Plan • Post WWII pan to infuse funds in Europe to rebuild the infrastructure and bring vital supplies to European countries while building the economy of the United States through trade. • With the Marshall plan the United States, France, and Great Britain hoped to reunite Germany. • Stalin blocks this and in result you have the division of Germany.
Berlin Airlift • Was the official blockade that Stalin placed on West Germany. • Stalin would not allow any outside influence in Eastern Germany. • This lasted almost ten months after the Marshall Plan was put in place. • Germany, and most of Europe, will be divided into East and West after this.
Chiang Kai-Shek • The Chinese nationalist leader who opposed Mao Tse-tung (communist leader). • The United States is going to aid Chiang Kai-Shek to try and prevent the Communist army from taking over China. • Chiang Kai-Shek along with his political leaders will be forced to the island of Formosa, which is Taiwan today.
Mao Tse-Tung • The leader of the Chinese Communist forces. • Mao is going to defeat the Nationalist party to take over the Chinese government. • Mao will join sides with Joseph Stalin in supporting the spread of Communism worldwide. • Mao will send in troop support during the Vietnam War.
Korean War • Korea was liberated from Japan at the end of WWII. • The U.S. and Soviet Union both helped in aiding Korea and the country was divided along the 38th parallel. • The northern half would be under Communist control. The southern half would be under a pro-US democracy.
Korean War • The war began with North Korean forces invading South Korea. • The United Nations is going to choose to support South Korea, and the United States will send General Douglas MacArthur to oversee the war. • It was technically never called a war, but rather a UN police action.
Korean War cont. • U.S. troops would push North Korea back across the 38th parallel, and eventually close to the Chinese border. • China would send troops across the Yalu River to aid the North Koreans. • A stalemate would develop and MacArthur would be removed for criticizing Truman’s approach to the war. • A truce would be signed dividing the country along the 38th parallel.
Joseph McCarthy • With the House Un-American Activities Committee rooting out Communists in the U.S., Senator Joseph McCarthy would head this movement up. • McCarthy was convinced that communists had infiltrated high levels of government and U.S. military. • McCarthy would eventually be seen as paranoid at best and downright crazy at worst.
Space race Sputnik
National Defense Education Act • The law provided aid for education and was geared towards boosting the study of science, math, and foreign languages. • This was intended to propel the United States in front of the Soviet Union in both the space race and nuclear technology.
Space Race Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Gagarian • Was the first man to be put into orbit in outer space. • After this President Kennedy vowed to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. • A year after Gagarian the U.S. put John Glenn into orbit. • On July 20, 2969 Neil Armstrong became the first human being to walk on the moon, fulfilling Kennedy’s promise.
Space Race “one small step for man one giant leap for mankind”
Early Computers IBM 650
Domino Theroy • This was a theory that if one country fell to Communism, then many other countries would begin to fall to Communism. • In essence it would look like a row of dominos falling one after the other.
Cuban Revolution • Revolution in Cuba where the Cuban Government led by Fulgencio Batista was overthrown. • The new Communist government would be headed up by Fidel Castro, a young revolutionary leader. • Castro would go on to execute more than 700 of his opponents and jailed many more.
Bay of Pigs • President Eisenhower did not recognize this new government and stopped all diplomatic relations. • Eisenhower began a training program in the CIA to begin training anti-Castro Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba. • On April 17, 1961 the invasion landed at the Bay of Pigs. It was a disaster with the Cuban exiles being killed. This left many to wonder if Kennedy was up to the task of defending democracy.
Cuban Missile Crisis • After the Bay of Pigs the Soviet Union had plans of placing missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of Florida. • In October 1962, spy planes had visual sighting of Soviet missiles. • The crisis would last 13 days, and brought the U.S. and Soviet Union to the brink of Nuclear War. • After long debates in the UN, Khrushchev finally agreed to remove the missiles. The U.S. also secretly promised to remove missiles in Turkey.
Vietnam • After WWII Vietnam was controlled by France. France still reeling from internal conflicts and the war could not maintain complete control. • Vietnamese nationalist who had strong Communist ties try to take over. This makes Eisenhower nervous. • The UN would meet in Geneva, Switzerland to discuss this issue and drafted the Geneva Accords.
Geneva Accords • Drafted in 1954 it called for Vietnam to be divided into two nations. • In the North, Ho Chi Minh established his communist-backed government. In the South, the United States supported the government of Ngo Kinh Diem. • Northern Vietnamese would seen try and take over South Vietnam, which led to the Vietnam War.
