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Understanding Cartilage: The Body's Resilient Connective Tissue

Discover the impressive features of cartilage, a specialized connective tissue in the body that is rigid, elastic, and resilient. Learn about its composition, growth processes, types, and locations within the adult human body. Unveil the roles of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix, and different types of cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrous) in maintaining health and structure. Explore the vital functions and unique properties that make cartilage a fundamental tissue in the body's framework.

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Understanding Cartilage: The Body's Resilient Connective Tissue

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  1. CARTILAGE Specialized connective tissue Rigid, Elastic, Resilient - RESISTS COMPRESSION AVASCULAR – nutrients diffuse through matrix

  2. Hundreds of Eyes Staring Back at YOU!

  3. PERICHONDRIUM • Dense irregularly arranged connective tissue (type I collagen) • Ensheaths the cartilage • Houses the blood vessels that nourish chondrocytes

  4. CHONDROBLAST • Progenitor of chondrocytes • Lines border between perichondrium and matrix • Secretes type II collagen and other ECM components • Chondroblasts build

  5. CHONDROCYTE • Mature cartilage cell • Reside in a space called the lacuna • Clear areas = Golgi and lipid droplets

  6. Chondrocytes completely fill their lacunae • RER and euchromatic nuclei • Synthetically active, secrete matrix N RER Cartilage matrix

  7. MATRIX • Provides the rigidity, elasticity, & resilience • FIBERS • Collagenous and elastic • GROUND SUBSTANCE • Glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfates, keratin sulfate, hyaluronic acid) • Proteoglycans: GAGs + core protein • Water • Basophilic • Territorial matrix - high [ ] of sulfated proteoglycans

  8. CARTILAGE GROWTH • Appositional • Increasing in WIDTH; chondroblasts deposit matrix on surface of pre-existing cartilage • Interstitial • Increasing in LENGTH; chondrocytes divide and secrete matrix from w/in lacunae

  9. Cartilage • Embryo • More prevalent than in adult • Skeleton initially mostly cartilage • Bone replaces cartilage in fetal and childhood periods

  10. Location of cartilage in adults • External ear • Nose • “Articular” – covering the ends of most bones and movable joints • “Costal” – connecting ribs to sternum • Larynx - voice box

  11. Epiglottis – flap keeping food out of lungs • Cartilaginous rings holding open the air tubes of the respiratory system (trachea and bronchi) • Intervertebral discs • Pubic symphysis • Articular discs such as meniscus in knee joint

  12. Remember the four basic types of tissue… • Epithelium • Connective tissue • Connective tissue proper • Cartilage • Bone • Blood • Muscle tissue • Nervous tissue

  13. cartilage

  14. Cartilage is connective tissue • Cells called chondrocytes • Abundant extracellular matrix • Fibers: collagen & elastin • Jellylike ground substance of complex sugar molecules • 60-80% water (responsible for the resilience) • No nerves or vessels (hyaline cartilage)

  15. TYPES OF CARTILAGE • HYALINE • ELASTIC • FIBROUS

  16. Types of cartilage: 3 • Hyaline cartilage: flexible and resilient • Chondrocytes appear spherical • Lacuna – cavity in matrix holding chondrocyte • Collagen the only fiber • Elastic cartilage: highly bendable • Matrix with elastic as well as collagen fibers • Epiglottis, larynx and outer ear • Fibrocartilage: resists compression and tension • Rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes (in matrix) • Knee menisci and annunulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs

  17. HYALINE CARTILAGE • FUNCTION • Support tissue and organs • Model for bone development • MATRIX • Type II collagen (thin fibrils) • Chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, hyaluronic acid • Water • LOCATION • Tracheal rings, nasal septum, larynx, articular surfaces of joints

  18. Hyaline Cartilage

  19. ELASTIC CARTILAGE • FUNCTION • Support with flexibility • MATRIX • Normal components of hyaline matrix plus ELASTIC fibers • LOCATION • External ear, external auditory canal, epiglottis • STAINS • Elastic fibers stain BLACK with Weigert stain perichondrium

  20. Elastic Cartilage

  21. FIBROCARTILAGE • FUNCTION • Support with great tensile strength • MATRIX • Type I collagen - Oriented parallel to stress plane • LOCATION • Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis

  22. FIBROCARTILAGE • Chondrocytes align between collagen fibers • Collagen fibers lie parallel to lines of stress

  23. Fibrocartilage

  24. Locations of the different kinds of cartilage

  25. Before we look at collagen pic… • Hyaline cartilage: flexible and resilient • Chondrocytes appear spherical • Lacuna – cavity in matrix holding chondrocyte • Collagen the only fiber • Elastic cartilage: highly bendable • Matrix with elastic as well as collagen fibers • Epiglottis and larynx • Fibrocartilage: resists compression and tension • Rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes (in matrix) • Knee menisci and annulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs

  26. Triple helix of collagen molecules form fibril Fibrils aggregate into collagen fibers

  27. Growth of cartilage • Appositional • “Growth from outside” • Chrondroblasts in perichondrium (external covering of cartilage) secrete matrix • Interstitial • “Growth from within” • Chondrocytes within divide and secrete new matrix • Cartilage stops growing in late teens (chrondrocytes stop dividing) • Regenerates poorly in adults

  28. Uploaded By.... M.Farrukh Fayyaz

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