Unit A- 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1. Unit A- 1.05Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system What are the characteristics of muscles? What are the functions of the muscular system? What are the common disorders of the muscular system? How are muscular disorders treated? How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement?

2. Characteristics of Muscles • Contractibility • Excitability • Extensibility • Elasticity • Muscle Tone • Atrophy • Hypertrophy • Muscle Fatigue

3. Functions of the Muscular System • Movement • Skeletal System • Origin- attached to a fixed structure or bone; moves least during muscle contractions • Insertion- attached to a moveable part; moves most during contraction

4. Functions of The Muscular System • Digestive System • The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.

5. Functions of the Muscular System • Heart • The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats.

6. Functions of the Muscular System • Posture

7. Functions of the Muscular System • Body Heat

8. Disorders of the Muscular System and Treatment • Fibromyalgia • Hernia • Muscle Spasms • Muscular Dystrophy • Myasthenia Gravis • Strain • Tendonitis • Tetanus

9. Fibromyalgia • Collection of symptoms • Chronic muscle pain lasting three or more months in specific muscle points • Other Symptoms: • Fatigue • Headache • Feelings of numbness and tingling • Feelings of joint pain • Treatment • Pain relief • Sleep • Regular exercise • Massage therapy • Chiropractor therapy • Relaxation • Stretching • Medication

10. Hernia • Hernia- occurs when an organ protrudes through a weak muscle • Abdominal • Inguinal • Hiatal – stomach pushes through the diaphragm • Treatment • Monitoring • Surgery with or without mesh

11. Muscle Spasms • Muscle Spasms- cramp • Sustained contraction of the muscle • Usually occur related to overuse of the muscle • Strain- overstretching or tear of a muscle • Tendonitis- inflammation of a tendon • Tetanus- lockjaw • Infectious disease characterized by continuous spasms of the voluntary muscles • Caused by a toxin from the bacillus,Clostridiumtetani, a bacterium that can enter the body through a puncture wound • Can be prevented with a tetanus shot

12. Muscular Dystrophy • Disease in which muscle cells deteriorate • Treatment: • Physical Therapy • Respiratory Therapy • Orthopedic Appliance • Drug Therapy • Some patients may need a ventilator at some point • Prognosis depends of the progression of the disease

13. Myasthenia Gravis • Grave muscle weakness • Occurs when the connection between the nerves and muscle is lost • Considered an autoimmune disorder • Treatment • Rest • Cholinesterase inhibitors • Removal of the thymus gland • There may be remission of symptoms but most people will be on medication indefinitely

14. Strain • Tear in a muscle • Occurs when a muscle is stretched too much and tears • May also be called a pulled muscle • Can be a very painful injury • Treatment: • Pain relievers • Anti-inflammatory drugs and Analgesic’s • Ice • Splinting • RICE- rest, ice, compression, elevation

15. Tendonitis • Condition in which the tissue connecting muscle to bone becomes inflamed • Tennis Elbow- irritation of the tissue connecting the forearm muscle to the elbow • Golfer’s Elbow- condition that causes pain on the inner side of the elbow • Treatment- usually take 4-6 weeks • Rest • Avoid motion that caused the original pain • Ice • Over the counter anti-inflammatory medications • Naproxen or Ibuprofen

16. Tetanus • Lockjaw • Infectious disease characterized by continuous spasms of the voluntary muscles • Caused by a toxin from a bacteria • Can be prevented with the tetanus shot • Treatment • Antibiotics • Supportive Care • Debriding the wounds • No cure for Tetanus