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Introduction to Transformational Grammar

Introduction to Transformational Grammar. Rajat Kumar Mohanty rkm@cse.iitb.ac.in. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. Types of Generative Grammar. Finite State Model (sequential) Phrase Structure Model

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Introduction to Transformational Grammar

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  1. Introduction to Transformational Grammar Rajat Kumar Mohanty rkm@cse.iitb.ac.in Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

  2. Types of Generative Grammar • Finite State Model (sequential) • Phrase Structure Model (sequential + hierarchical) + (categorial) • Transformational Model (sequential + hierarchical + transformational) + (categorial + functional)

  3. Transformational Model • If a generative grammar makes use of all the three • Sequential • Hierarchical • Transformational breaking up and two • categorial • Functional labeling is called a Transformational Grammar.

  4. Transformations: Phrasal Categories • Topicalization • Topicalized NP • Topicalized PP • Movement • Wh-movement • Wh-questions • Relatives • NP-movement • Extraposition and Heavy NP Shift

  5. Topicalization • I can solve this problem. • I can solve *(this problem). • *I solved. • This problem, I can solve. S NP VP Pron Aux V NP I can solve Det N the problem

  6. Topicalization • Subcategorization Frame • solve: [V; _NP] • PS Rules S  NP VP VP  Aux V NP Aux  can V  solve / [ _NP] NP  Pron | Det N Pron  I Det  the N  problem

  7. Topicalization • This problem, I can solve. S NPi NP VP Det N Pron V Aux NP this problem I solve t(race)i can

  8. Topicalization • To John, Mary gave the book. S PPi NP VP P NP N V NP PP N Det N t(race)i to John Mary gave the book

  9. Topicalization • Fix the car, I wonder whether John will. [VP Fix the car]i, I wonder [S’ whether [S he will [VP t]i ]]

  10. Topicalization • This problem, I believe that I can solve. [NPThis problem]i , I believe [S’ that [S I can solve [NP t ]i ] ] • I believe that this problem I can solve. I believe [S’ that [S[NP this problem ]i I can solve [NP t ]i ] ]

  11. Topicalization • I want this novel to be considered for a prize. • This novel, I want to be considered for a prize. [NPThis novel]i , I want [NP t ]i to be considered for a prize

  12. Wh-movement • John can solve this problem. • Whichproblem can John solve? S NP VP N Aux V NP can solve Det N John this problem

  13. Wh-movement • [Which problem]i can John solve ti ? S` Comp S Aux NP VP NPi N V NP Wh-Det N which problem John solve t(race)i can

  14. Relative Pronoun Movement • John heard the claim which Bill made. S NP VP NP N V Det N S` John heard the claimi …

  15. Relative Pronoun Movement • the claim whichiBillmade ti. NP Det S` N Comp S the claimi VP NPi NP Wh-NP N V NP which made t(race)i Bill

  16. Relative Pronoun Movement • [The problemithati he solved tiwas easy]. S NP VP S` AP V Det N Comp S A VP NP NP was Rel-Pron Pron V NP easy the problemi thati he t(race)i solved

  17. Suggested Readings • [Chomsky, 1981] Noam Chomsky: Lectures on Government and Binding. Foris, Dordrecht. • [Lyons, 1977] John Lyons: Chomsky. Fontana, London. • [Mohanan, 1988] K. P. Mohanan: Introduction to Linguistics (Part-2). CIEFL, Hyderabad. • [Ouhalla, 1999] Jamal Ouhalla: Introducing Transformational Grammar. Arnold, London. • [Radford, 1988] Andrew Radford: Transformational Grammar. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. • [Ray, 1995] Tapas S. Ray: Introduction to Linguistics (Block-III). CIEFL, Hyderabad.

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