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Our experience with linking and CrossRef. Jerry Cowhig, Managing Director Terry Hulbert, Business Development Manager Institute of Physics Publishing CrossRef annual meeting, Boston 25 September 2002 jerry.cowhig@iop.org www.iop.org. Terry Hulbert. Introduction.
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Our experience with linking and CrossRef Jerry Cowhig, Managing Director Terry Hulbert, Business Development Manager Institute of Physics PublishingCrossRef annual meeting, Boston 25 September 2002 jerry.cowhig@iop.org www.iop.org
Introduction • Development of linking at IOP • Other electronic developments at IOP • CrossRef experiences • Future linking developments
Linking at IOP • 1996 - all 35 IOP journals on www • 1997 - Hypercite • Refs link to INSPEC abs on IOP server • Forward citations to IOP papers only • 1998 - “Distributed publishing” • Bilateral links AIP, APS, Springer etc • 1999 - STACKS linking protocol • 1999 - Axiom (secondary dbase) • INSPEC, later Compendex • Links to full text
Linking at IOP (cont) • 1999 - final bilaterals, AP… getting close to total available coverage in physics
AND THEN ALONG CAME... • CrossRef
CrossRef • 1999 Frankfurt STM: “Linking good”! • Sudden announcement, NY Times • IOP not in original 12 disciples • Online 1999: joined asap • Still pursued bilaterals: Elsevier NO!
CrossRef • June 2000 CrossRef launched • Elsevier No to all bilaterals • From the start IOP has been a member • Elsevier was a major factor for IOP
History post 2000 • Bilaterals, CrossRef & other links co-exist • SFX and Open URL • ZBLSA • DOI • Forward citations (3rd party)
DOI • We use and support because of CrossRef • IOP articles all have DOI since 2000 • Now also published in print and online • Anyone incoming can use our DOIs • Linking from IOP: • If no bilateral, check for DOI in INSPEC • If DOI, we create URL to link directly • If no luck, go to CrossRef • We are not a member of the IDF
Forward citations • To see “who has cited this paper” • IOP had this since 1997, Hypercite • Now making bilaterals • IPAP agreed • Verbal agreements with APS, ADS • Role for CrossRef
Other IOP electronic initiatives • Free first 30 days and other free accesses • Archive back to 1874 • Local loading • Now can include XML reference data • Usage stats - COUNTER and more • Vivisimo
Current state: Inbound linking (to get IOP text) • Reference intra-linking in EJs - backwards & forwards (Hypercite) • Primary publishers - bilateral agreements, CrossRef • Or STACKS - no contract needed! • Secondary publishers, aggregators, gateways, etc. • Local holdings, OPACs, etc. • Help yourself!! • Docdel PPV: Ingenta, Infotrieve (contract)
Current: Outbound (from IOP to get other text) • Links to primary data, publishers • Links to secondary services eg ChemPort, MathSciNet • Links to gateways: SwetsnetNavigator, Information Quest, EBSCO Online • Links to aggregators - Ingenta/CatchWord • Links to document delivery vendors eg Infotrieve • SFX (OpenURL) enabled • CrossRef
Our experience with CrossRef • IOP is primary and secondary • Primary = 36 electronic journals • Secondary = Axiom dbase (INSPEC and Compendex) • Enables links to many publishers where no other arrangement exists • Sweeps up 7% refs in electronic journals • >25% links from INSPEC (Axiom)
How much do we use CrossRef? • IOP electronic journals 1968-present • 2.8m references • 1.8m have at least one link (64%) • 1.2m INSPEC or Compendex (66%) • 816k to 2’ry eg Chemport, SWETS (45%) • 608k bilateral to publisher (34%) • 225k to IOP article (13%) • 37k to preprint, eg arXiv, SPIRES (2%) • 37k to CrossRef (2%) - half Elsevier • Total no of links 3m • 1m references have no link (36%)
How much do we use CrossRef (2)? • IOP electronic journals whole year 2001 • 179k references • 126k have at least one link (70%) • 77k INSPEC or Compendex (62%) • 80k to 2’ry eg Chemport, SWETS (63%) • 49k bilateral to publisher (39%) • 14k to IOP article (11%) • 6k to preprint, eg arXiv, SPIRES (5%) • 8k to CrossRef (7%) - half Elsevier • Total no of links 248k • 53k references have no link (30%)
How much do we use CrossRef (3)? • Axiom INSPEC year 2001 • 195k new journal records • 55k CrossRef links (28%) • 52k bilateral links (27%) • 88k have no links (45%)
How much do we use CrossRef (4)? • Axiom click-throughs pointing to full text (last 12 months) • 104k total • 55k AIP/APS (53%) • 37k CrossRef (36%) • 12k remainder (12%)
How much - summary • In current IOP electronic journals, refs • 70% have a link (or links) inc CrossRef • 7% rely on CrossRef link • 30% of refs have no link to full text • In current Axiom (INSPEC) • 55% have a link (or links) inc CrossRef • 28% we rely on CrossRef link • 45% of refs have no link to full text (back sweeps may reduce this)
What’s our experience of using CrossRef? • We support the principle • We love all the nice people • Technically…it’s not been easy • EJs - not much problem • Axiom - more tricky
Axiom technical problems • 5000 new abstracts per week • About 30% need CrossRef links • Much staff time dealing with it • Manual reference check • Data deviating from the spec • Often“Timed Out” with no notice • Now backlog of >300,000 look-ups • Recently stopped using CrossRef at all! • New CrossRef system seems better :-) • Working for EJs; Axiom will try soon
Other issues with CrossRef • Transfer of ownership • Not seamless if new owner fails to update metadata (new URL for the DOI) • Affiliates need not link to primary source! • Primary publishers must do so • Secondary need not. WHY NOT? • 60%members deposit but don’t link! • So we send them readers... • but they don’t send readers to us! • These are not the fault of CrossRef staff • MEMBERS - COME ON, PLAY THE GAME !
How much does CrossRef cost us? • For electronic journals p.a. • Membership $1000 • Deposit articles $6500 • Retrieve articles $500 • For Axiom p.a. • Membership $5000 • Retrieve articles $8500 • For archive (one off) • Deposit $8250 • Retrieve $8500
How much does CrossRef cost us? • Year 2001 invoices = $28,000
How should CrossRef develop? • EVERYTHING TO IMPROVE LINKING • More links to books and grey literature • Affordable subsets of MDDB we can buy • Good for CrossRef as well as for us • Linking tools - e.g. graphical “history” of a “reference trail” • Forward citation: deposit refs attached to papers. Let’s not repeat history! • Cross Search abstracts - NO NO! • Move away from core role - linking (PILA) • It’s competing with secondaries
Summary • IOP always keen on reference linking • Many linking relationships • CrossRef (in physics) is valuable sweep up • CrossRef (for Axiom) is largest single link • We support CrossRef, value relationship • Technical problems may be resolved? • Future: more linking items, not searching • grey literature • MDDB slices • reference trails • forward citing!!!!
Thank you • jerry.cowhig@iop.org • www.iop.org