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Monday, November 5th

Monday, November 5th. Homework: The New Genetics pp. 11-19 Essential Question: How is a protein made from a gene? Notes/Chunk/questions Summaery. Warm-up: What are genes? Review – Nucleic Acid Replication James Watson reflects Review of DNA model Video Questions from the model.

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Monday, November 5th

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  1. Monday, November 5th Homework: The New Genetics pp. 11-19 Essential Question: How is a protein made from a gene? Notes/Chunk/questions Summaery • Warm-up: What are genes? • Review – Nucleic Acid • Replication • James Watson reflects • Review of DNA model • Video • Questions from the model

  2. Warm-up: • All living things do one thing the same way. To make more of itself, it first copies its molecular instruction manual and then passes this information on to its offspring. • This cycle has been repeated for 3.5 billion years. • What are genes? What are they made of?

  3. Nucleic Acids Examples • DNA • DeoxyriboNucleic Acid • RNA • RiboNucleic Acid RNA

  4. proteins DNA Nucleic Acids • Function: • genetic material • stores information • Genes (packaged in chromosomes) • blueprint for building proteins • DNA  RNA  proteins • transfers information • blueprint for new cells • blueprint for next generation

  5. T G A C T A C A G G A T C Genes (DNA)are needed to run bodies every day… to make you and me…to make new cells… to make babies!

  6. sugar N base phosphate Nucleic acids • Building block = nucleotides nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide • 5 different nucleotides • different nitrogen bases • A, T, C, G, U Nitrogen basesI’m the A,T,C,G or Upart!

  7. sugar sugar sugar sugar N base N base N base N base phosphate phosphate phosphate phosphate Nucleotide chains • Nucleic acids • nucleotides chained into a polymer • DNA • double-sided • double helix • A, C, G, T • RNA • single-sided • A, C, G, U strong bonds RNA

  8. DNA • Double strand twists into a double helix • weak bonds between nitrogen bases join the 2 strands • A pairs with T • A :: T • C pairs with G • C :: G • the two strands can separate when our cells need to make copies of it weak bonds

  9. Copying DNA • Replication • copy DNA • 2 strands of DNA helix are complementary • they are matching • have one, can build other • have one, can rebuild the whole

  10. DNA replication • Copying DNA • pairing of the bases allows each strand to serve as a pattern for a new strand Newly copied strands of DNA

  11. | Watson and Crick 1953 … and others…

  12. Watson: creating the model • http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/media/DNAi_watson_basepairing-sm.wmv

  13. Review • Problem 19: The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder. :: DNA Learning Center • http://www.dnalc.org/view/16441-Problem-19-The-DNA-molecule-is-shaped-like-a-twisted-ladder-.html

  14. Biotech Objectives for a DNA model: • Label the functional groups on the sugars and carbons to determine the 5’ and 3’ • Know the components of the DNA “backbone” & where they bond • Determine the location and function of hydrogen bonds • Demonstrate that the molecular structure & shape of the complementary pairs is critical • Identify the purine and pyrimidine bases & sizes • Know the names of the bases (not just letters)

  15. Your model will be similar to this.

  16. DNA Model

  17. Questions about the model • What base does adenine pair with? • What base does guanine pair with? • What is the smallest unit of DNA called? • What is the shape of the DNA model?

  18. DNA Replication • Schematic: HHMI's BioInteractive - DNA replication (schematic) • Basic: HHMI's BioInteractive - DNA replication (basic detail) • Advanced: HHMI's BioInteractive - DNA replication (advanced detail)

  19. Suppose you know that the sequence of bases on one DNA strand is AGCTCAG. What is the sequence on the opposite strand? • Referring to the above question, suppose that the 5’-most base on the given strand is the first A from the left to the right. What would the 5’-most base on the opposite strand? • Assume that a 100 base pair DNA double helix segment contains 45 cytosines. How many adenines are there?

  20. Replication animation • http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html

  21. Video: Understanding DNA

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