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ANGLOCOAL LANDAU COLLIERY

ANGLOCOAL LANDAU COLLIERY. COMBATING SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION. VERENA. LOCALITY PLAN. KROMDRAAI OPENCAST. WITBANK. WITBANK. MIDDELBURG. N4. PRETORIA. N4. NAVIGATION PLANT. RLT. CLEWER. GREENSIDE. KLEINKOPJE. BETHAL. JOHANNESBURG. N12. N. HISTORY OF KROMDRAAI.

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ANGLOCOAL LANDAU COLLIERY

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  1. ANGLOCOAL LANDAU COLLIERY COMBATING SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION

  2. VERENA LOCALITY PLAN KROMDRAAI OPENCAST WITBANK WITBANK MIDDELBURG N4 PRETORIA N4 NAVIGATION PLANT RLT CLEWER GREENSIDE KLEINKOPJE BETHAL JOHANNESBURG N12 N

  3. HISTORY OF KROMDRAAI • Known as Coronation Colliery, • Underground mining commenced in 1926, • Underground mining finished in 1966, • Total of 35 million tons mined, • Mined by “handgot” methods.

  4. STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL 2,0 WEATHERED SANDSTONE 6,0 CLAY 9,0 WEATHEREDSHALE 10,5 SHALE 12,5 SANDSTONE AND SILTSTONE 17,5-26 2,2 19,7 NO.2 SEAM 2,7 22,4 SANDSTONE PARTING 23,0 2,7 NO. 1 SEAM 25,7 SHALE 26,0 TILLITE

  5. TYPICAL PROBLEMS IN THE EARLY DAYS

  6. FACTORS ESSENTIAL FOR SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION • HEAT SOURCE • CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL • AIR

  7. LANDAU’S MAIN INITIATIVES WERE TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF AIR ENTERING THE WORKINGS

  8. METHODS TO REDUCE AIRFLOW • SEALING OF GEOLOGICAL BOREHOLES, DISUSED SHAFTS & SINKHOLES • BUFFER BLASTING • BLAST DESIGN-HOLES IN PILLARS, EXTRA CHARGE IN THICKER PARTINGS • SEALING FIRES AND UN-COLLAPSED PILLARS, BY PUSHING SOFTS OVER THE HIGHWALL

  9. DRAGLINE SEALING HOTSPOTS AS THE COAL IS EXPOSED

  10. DRILLING AND BLASTING TOP HAT SOFT OVERBURDEN HARD OVERBURDEN ANFO GAS BAG GAS BAG 2 SEAM PARTING U/G WORKINS 1 SEAM

  11. PILLAR HOLES TO FLOOR INTERSECTION HOLES TO TOPOF COAL POSITIONING OF BLAST HOLES

  12. BLASTING PROCEDURES • RISK ASSESSMENT ON HOT HOLE CHARGING DONE IN CONJUNCTION WITH AEL • TEMPERATURE OF EVERY SHOTHOLE IS MEASURED - MAX 60 DEG. • BENCHMASTERS REPLACED CORDTEX DOWN THE HOLE • EVERY HOLE PLUGGED WIT TOPHAT AFTER DRILLING

  13. SINHOLE IN WORKING FACE (BLASTING AREA)

  14. SEALING OF HIGHWALL

  15. LARGER THAN NORMAL SAFETY BERMS

  16. SEALING HIGHWALL BY DOZING OVER

  17. HOTSPOTS SEALED BY DRAGLINE

  18. BURNING PIT CONDITIONS SHOWING THE WORST SCENARIO

  19. ADVANTAGES AT KROMDRAAI • HIGH SOFTS TO HARDS RATIO - GOOD SEAL AFTER BLASTING • THE SIZE OF THE PIT (2.5KM) ENSURES A DRAGLINE CYCLE OF APPROXIMATELY 3 MONTHS - HENCE THE BUFFER DOES NOT STAND FOR EXTENDED PERIODS

  20. FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS • DE-WATERING OF U/G WATER BODIES IS SCHEDULED SUCH THAT WATER REMAINS IN THE WORKINGS AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE, TO THE MINING WINDOW

  21. CURRENT PIT CONDITIONS • BLAST HOLES NOT WARM LESS THAN 4% OVER 60 deg. IN THE LAST YEAR • HOT HOLES ARE SEALED AND LEFT UNCHARGED, MARKED ON PLAN, REDRILLED 1m AWAY FROM PREVIOUS POSITION AND CHARGED WITH NEXT BUFFER LINE. (we have a second chance with buffer blasting)

  22. HOTHOLE CONTROLE • CLAD THE SAME DAY FOR BEST RESULTS • DO NOT OPEN FIRES IN OPEN PIT MINING

  23. QUESTIONS ?

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