First Aid

1. First Aid Part Four

2. Student objectives Offer advice to clients when a dog/cat has gastrointestinal problems Provide first aid to a seizuring patient Provide first aid to a choking patient and nurse a patient with a tracheostomy tube Advise clients about common poisons Advise clients about any skin disorders and tumours

3. Choking patient Try to pull the object out Try gentle compressions Hands either side of widest part of chest 3-4 firm, gentle compressions Modified Heimlich Hold back against you Place a fist at the lower sternum Pull in and up Larger dogs do in standing position

4. Diseases of the trachea Temporary tracheotomy Post operative management Humidified air Clean tube initially every 15 minutes Then every hour or more 2-10mls sterile saline instilled in the tube

6. Common poisons in pets

7. Common poisons in pets

8. Common poisons in Pets

9. Common poisons in pets

10. Common poisons in pets

11. Common poisons in pets

12. Common poisons in Pets

13. First aid treatment Ask how long ago the pet came into contact with the poison What poison? Encourage owners to bring down any packaging etc. How much was ingested? Did you SEE the pet eat it? Species/breed and age of patient

14. First aid treatment What symptoms?

15. First Aid treatment Prevent further exposure Take into fresh air Prevent licking etc Identify the poison ?antidote? Call the VPIS

16. Veterinary Poisons Information Service It provides an information source 24 hour availability Trained information specialists and pharmacists VPIS (London) Tel: 020 7635 9195 VPIS (Leeds) Tel: 0113 245 0530

17. Preventing absorption Induce vomiting

18. Preventing absorption Gastric lavage

19. First aid treatment Wash coat/skin if contaminated

20. Collection of samples Vomit, faces and urine To determine if poisoned and by what Carefully label and record if police are going to be involved Name and address of owner Animals details Time and date of collection What samples collected.

21. Insect bites Generally do not cause a problem Some patient may have allergic reactions Bee�s and wasps most common in the UK Wasp Narrow bodies Buzz around food and garbage Bee More rounded and hairier Buzz around plants and flowers

22. First aid treatment Bee stings Wasp stings

23. Epilepsy Caused by waves of disorganised electrical activity within the brain. Many causes Brain damage Poisoning Viral or bacterial infection Metabolic disease Cerebral anoxia

24. Clinical signs

25. Telephone advice

26. Shock The state that results from inadequate perfusion of tissues Patients requiring first aid are likely to be suffering from shock. Potentially life threatening

28. Clinical signs

29. Treatment Control any haemorrhage Warm the patient Not by direct heat! Reduce noise and light Prepare intravenous equipment Observe the patient at 5 minute intervals Provide comfort and TLC

30. Burns & scalds More common than you think Skin acts as a barrier Protects from fluid loss Many factors influence the severity of the wound Age of patient Type of burn Location of the body

31. Definition Burn Scald

32. Classification

33. First aid for burns Check ABC! Remove source of burn Never try to neutralise a burn Flush with copious amount of water Never ice cold Flush for about 10 minutes (30 minutes for chemical burns) Cover with sterile dressing or cling film Keep patient warm Transfer to veterinary practice asap

34. First aid (practice) Take history Perform full examination Majority have numerous burns! Set up intravenous fluids Clip fur around the wound Wound soaked/rinsed with saline Prepare sterile dressings May require antibiotics Analgesia

35. Skin disorders Pyoderma Pruritus

36. Spinal problems Intervertebral disc disease Direct trauma Anatomical abnormalities Vascular disease Spinal cord haemorrhage Spinal cord neoplasia Infection Degenerative spinal cord disease