1 / 32

Interwar Period 1919-1939

Interwar Period 1919-1939. Bakke . Great Depression in Europe . 1) Financial crisis  war & Versailles settlement 2) Crisis in the production and distribution of goods in the world market 3) No country provided strong economic leadership or sense of cooperation . Financial Tailspin .

heriberto
Download Presentation

Interwar Period 1919-1939

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Interwar Period 1919-1939 Bakke

  2. Great Depression in Europe • 1) Financial crisis  war & Versailles settlement • 2) Crisis in the production and distribution of goods in the world market • 3) No country provided strong economic leadership or sense of cooperation

  3. Financial Tailspin • Germany claimed to be in default of reparations • January 1923 France occupies the Ruhr mining & manufacturing district • Weimar orders passive resisitance •  Easing of reparations on Ger • Oct 1929- Wall St. Stock market crash •  little capital investment left for EUR •  Keditanstalt bank crashes in Central Europe

  4. Agricultural/Commodities Crisis • World Wheat Prices fell to record lows •  farmers make less buy less consumer and industrial goods • Worsened by worldwide financial depression • Result: • Stagnation and depression for Eur industry • Unemployment spread from ag sector to those producing consumer goods • Less govt. spending  worsens problem of investment

  5. Weimar Germany • Made up of Socialist Democrats, moderate SPD, & German Liberals • Most known for accepting the humiliating terms of Versailles Treaty of 1919 • Weimar Constitution • Highly enlightened • Complicated representive Reichstag system

  6. Haunted by Versailles • 1921 Presented w/ final bill for WWI 132 Billion • 1923 French Occupation of the Ruhr • Inflation= printing money to pay debts; Runs wild in Weimar Germany • Devastated by unemployment and worldwide economic depression

  7. Hitler’s Early Career • WWI Veteran • Austrian born; Settles in Munich GER; Influenced by Mayor Karl Leuger • NDAP formed in 1920 (few members) • Formulate 25 Point Program of Nazi Party • Repudiation of Versailles • Union w/ Austria • Exclusion of Jews • Economic & Ag Reforms that benefit farmers/sm businesses

  8. SA Storm Troopers Formed c1925 • “Brown Shirts” • Paramilitary organization that provided its members w/ food, uniforms, wages • Role: Chief Nazi instrument of terror and intimidation • Who ? • Why? • SA – Numbers over 1 million strong by 1933

  9. Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923 • Failed Revolution to overthrow the Weimar Republic • Arrested, tried, and sentenced to 5yrs– writes Mein Kampf • 1) Moment when he saw himself as leader of mvt • 2) He and Nazi’s must come to power legally

  10. Stresseman Stability & Spirit of Locarno • Only moderately successful period in Weimar (1924-29) Chancellor/For Min • Stabilized inflation, lower unemployment • Renegotiated reparations payments • Forced French out of Ruhr • Attempted to ‘revise’ Versailles diplomatically • Oct 1925 Locarno Agreements • New hope for lasting peace in EUR

  11. And then … The Depression • Govt Deadlocked to solve crisis • Bruning appt. as Chancellor • Evokes Article 48 of Constitution • 1932--6 Million Germans unemployed •  Appeal of Radical Extremist Parties • Communists and Nazis

  12. Presidential Election of 1932 • Tallman (KPD) Hitler (NSDAP) Hindenburg (I) • 10% 36.8% 50.3%

  13. Chancellor Carrousel • Bruning Franz Von Papen  Kurt Von Schleicher  Hitler (Jan 30 1933)

  14. Hitler’s Consolidation of Power • 1) Capture of full legal authority • 2) crushing of alternative polt. Groups • 3) Purging of rivals w/in Nazi Party

  15. Reichstag Fire Feb 27 1933 • Dutch Communist (mentally ill) sets fire to Reichstag • Effect: Communists outlawed/arrested & Article 48 invoked • March 1933: Enabling Act Passed- Rule by Decree "'This is a God-given signal! If this fire, as I believe, turns out to be the handiwork of Communists, then there is nothing that shall stop us now crushing out this murder pest with an iron fist.'

  16. Timeline • May 1933- Leftist trade Unions seized • July 1933- Nazi Party only legal Party in GER • June 1934- Purge of Ernst Roehm and the SA • Knight of the Long Knives • Aug 1934 President Hindenburg Dies • Sept 1935 Nuremburg Laws Passed

  17. The Nazi State • The Police State of the SS (Schutszstaffel) Black Shirts • Primary vehicle for surveillance (Gestapo) • Led by Himmler • Most elite Nazi paramilitary organization

  18. Society and Gender in the Third Reich • Women • Saw women as educators of the young and protectors of German cultural values • Women were encouraged to bear many children • Task: To preserve racial purity • Cult of Domesticity and Motherhood embraced • Socially- • Hitler Youth formed • Social programs- ‘Strength through Joy’ • Volkswagen program • Cultural identity- Book burnings/Censorship, Propaganda, Volksgemeinshaft, German culture celebrated i.e. Wagner etc.

  19. Hitler’s Goals • 1) intended to bring the entire German Volk together into a single nation (Grossdeutsh) • 2) Lebensraum in the East • 3) Destruction of Versailles • Withdrew from League of Nations • Renounced disarmament of Treaty • Army and Air Force of 500K raised via conscription • March 1936 Remilitarization of the Rhineland

  20. Remilitarization of the Reinland

  21. Formation of the Axis Powers • Italy Invades Ethiopia 1935 • The Spanish Civil War 1936 • Franco becomes fascist leader of SPA • 1936- Anti-Comitern Pact brings Japan into Axis

  22. Policy of Appeasement • Tenants: • 1) Germany had real grievances • 2) Hitler’s Goals were limited • 3) Best policy was to negotiate and make concessions b/f a crisis could lead to war • Austria March 1938 • Anschluss w/ Austria • Czechoslovakia • Sudetenland

  23. Munich Conference

  24. Failure of Munich • “I have no more territorial demands to make in Europe”. – Adolf Hitler • “It is a peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time.” --Neville Chamberlain • 15 March 1939 – Hitler breaks promise, occupies Prague and all of Czechoslovakia • Next up… • Polish Corridor (Spring 1939)

  25. Nazi – Soviet Pact of Non Agression • AUG 1939- Divided Poland & Gave Rus the Baltic states • Sept 1939- Ger invaded Poland- WWII Begins

  26. German Conquest of Europe • April 1940- Invasion of Denmark & Norway • May 1940- BeNeLux Invaded • Dunkirk • Maginot Line Exposed on the left flank (Bel) •  May 1940 France invaded – Surrenders in under 6 weeks • Vichy Govt. Set up under Petain – DeGaulle Flees to England “Free French” est.

  27. Maginot Line

  28. Vichy France

  29. Battle of Britain Aug 1940 • German Luftwaffe vs British RAF • London bombed every night

  30. Operation Barbarossa June 1941 • Seige of Leningrad • Battle of Stalingrad • Why? • Hitler wanted Lebensraum in the East

  31. America Enters the War • Dec 7 1941 Pearl Harbor • Pacific Theater opens • Battle of Midway turning point • Allied landings in Sicily/Italy-- Nov 1942 • Downfall of Mussolini –AUG 1943

More Related