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III outage. Occur 42 days in 165 days Reboot: 6 Error: 3 Empty: 13 Manual: 3 Unknown: 5(5/7, 9, 10, 11) No log: 12 8 days filtered in 42 days Empty:2(12/29 30), manual:1(6/7), unknown:1(5/11), no log:4(12/10 14, 1/7, 3/14) 10,14,29,30 Dec., 7 Jan., 14 Mar., 11 May, 7 Jun. III 類挑出不能用.
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III outage • Occur 42 days in 165 days • Reboot: 6 • Error: 3 • Empty: 13 • Manual: 3 • Unknown: 5(5/7, 9, 10, 11) • No log: 12 • 8 days filtered in 42 days • Empty:2(12/29 30), manual:1(6/7), unknown:1(5/11), no log:4(12/10 14, 1/7, 3/14) • 10,14,29,30 Dec., 7 Jan., 14 Mar., 11 May, 7 Jun.
III類挑出不能用 • 12/14 • 12/29
How to filter for III類 • 一階微分用斜率來判斷 • |mAB-mBC|< δ • |mBC-mCD|< δ • 二階微分 • |F’’ABC- F’’BCD| < δ D C B A C B D A
開始 III類斷電 斷電前後電壓是否符合控制器設定 抓出每天斷電資料 No 斷電前後斜率差是否<0.015 No Yes 斷電時間是否符合timer 設定 No Yes II類斷電 斷電時間是否跨越晚上(7:00pm~6:00am) Yes Yes No 前一天日照累積是否>4.53 I類斷電 No Yes 不能採用的資料discard 前二天日照累積是否<12.61 No interpolation interpolation Yes 不能採用的資料discard 可以採用的資料
0<有電壓值斜率差 <0.015 0.000315<III類斷電斜率差 <1.4365
smooth最大斜率差0.015 =>只要斜率差>0.015,挑出來,不能用
Related works • Design, modeling and capacity planning for micro-solar power sensor networks, IPSN08 • Cloudy computing: leverage weather forecasts in energy harvesting sensor systems, secon10 • Solarstore: enhancing data reliability in solar-powered storage-centric sensor network, mobisys09 • Steady and Fair rate allocation for rechargeable sensors in perpetual sensor networks, Sensys08 • Networking low-power energy harvesting devices: measurements and algorithm, infocom11
Mobisys09 • 計算是否有多餘電量來讓系統備份data • If 目前電池電量>(平均消耗功率/平均充電功率)x電池容量, 就可以保持供電 • Evaluation data loss (無備份,always備份,電池滿才備份)
Sensys 08 • 用太陽能收到多少來決定data collection rate • 讓node都不會因為傳太快而沒電 • Centralized/distributed algorithm
Infocom11 • 室內光產生電源,實際測量8個環境 • Model 分三類:可預測,半預測,隨意型 • Ep(i) = a x E(i-1) +(1-a)Ep(i-1), 0<a<1 • 但誤差還是很大 • 所以在某些環境採用SECON10 天氣model,誤差比較小
IPSN08 • Solar Model • Network & HW design • 19nodes for collect/receive 溫濕度 • Sizing and selection • 實際去量測每個component profile • 比較用不同電池壽命多久 • Evaluation for two test deployments • 市區佈建 VS 森林佈建
Secon10 • 分析一整年的資料,搭配氣象局資料 • 日照輻射(W/m2)與充電功率(W)=>線性關係 • Solar power = 0.0444*radiation -2.65 • 每日充電能量(W) vs時間(hr)=>2次方程式 • Power = a*(Time+b)^2 + c
Solarstore: enhancing data reliability in solar-powered storage-centric sensor network, mobisys09 • Networking low-power energy harvesting devices: measurements and algorithm, infocom11
Outage III algorithm • if (abs(mAB-mBC)>Threshold) || (abs(mBC-mCD)>Threshold) filter out Threshold = 0.019 • else if(13V<斷電前電壓) &&(duration > 19600 ) filter out • else if(12V<斷電前電壓<12.5V) &&(duration > 10800 ) filter out • else if (斷電前電壓<12V) &&(duration > 3600) filterout