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Understanding Macromolecules: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Learn about the structure, examples, uses, and cellular production of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Explore their building blocks, functions, and significance in living organisms.

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Understanding Macromolecules: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

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  1. Macromolecules What are they?

  2. What to include in your notes • In chart format – Columns • Name of macromolecule • Name of Building Block/ Monomer • Structure of building block • Example • Uses of Macromolecule • Where produced in the cell

  3. Proteins Amino Acids – building blocks (20)

  4. 4 levels of structure • Sequence of Amino Acids • H-bond interactions- Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet • 3-D structure H- Bond, other interactions • Several 3-D Proteins combining to form a more complex molecule

  5. 3D 4D

  6. Examples – Meat, Beans, Salivary enzymes Uses – Enzymes, Structure (muscle) Enzymes – catalyst: Make a reaction go faster Where produced in cell: Ribosomes (Rough ER for export)

  7. (CH2O)X Carbohydrates Simple sugars/ Monosaccharide – Building blocks

  8. Disaccharides Complex Carbohydrates Starches – Polysaccharides Ends in -saccharide Examples – Sugar (mono/di) Starch (poly) Uses – Short term energy + Plants – Long term energy Storage (Starch) Where produced in cell: Chloroplast (photsynthesis)

  9. Hydrophobic- Don’t like water Lipids Building blocks – Fatty acids + glycerol

  10. Examples–Fats, Oils, Waxes, Cell membrane Fats Oils Waxes Unsaturated Phospholipids - membranes Trans Saturated Bad

  11. Uses – Energy storage (animals), Separation Flexibility, Hormones, Steroids Where produced in cell: Smooth ER

  12. Contains 1.sugar backbone, 2.phosphate connector and 3.nitrogen base Nucleic Acids Building blocks-Nucleotides

  13. Examples –DNA, RNA, ATP – Energy Molecule of the body $ $ $ $ Money Uses – Genetic information (DNA), Carries messages (RNA), Energy molecule (ATP) Where produced in cell: Nucleus (DNA +RNA) During respiration (ATP)

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