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Alcohol

Alcohol. SUPA Forensics Revenson. Drinking - - -Alcohol. Death of An Innocent Poem http://www.sayno.com/innocent.html Jim Breuer explains what happens when you mix alcohols http://www.funnieststuff.net/viewmovie.php?ad_key=GWUPBLAMRMFT&tracking_id=900904&id=657

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Alcohol

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  1. Alcohol SUPA Forensics Revenson SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  2. Drinking - - -Alcohol • Death of An Innocent Poem http://www.sayno.com/innocent.html • Jim Breuer explains what happens when you mix alcohols http://www.funnieststuff.net/viewmovie.php?ad_key=GWUPBLAMRMFT&tracking_id=900904&id=657 • Even Santa can have a few too many http://www.funnieststuff.net/viewmovie.php?ad_key=GVCKWSSJIEFK&tracking_id=908749&id=687 SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  3. A poem to bring it home… Death Of An Innocent I went to a party, Mom, I remembered what you said. You told me not to drink, Mom, so I drank soda instead. I really felt proud inside, Mom, the way you said I would. I didn't drink and drive, Mom, even though the others said I should.I know I did the right thing, Mom, I know you are always right. Now the party is finally ending, Mom, as everyone is driving out of sight. As I got into my car, Mom, I knew I'd get home in one piece. Because of the way you raised me, Mom, so responsible and sweet.I started to drive away, Mom, but as I pulled out into the road, the other car didn't see me, Mom, and hit me like a load. As I lay there on the pavement, Mom, I hear the policeman say, the other guy is drunk, Mom, and now I'm the one who will pay. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  4. I'm lying here dying, Mom. I wish you'd get here soon. How could this happen to me, Mom? My life just burst like a balloon. There is blood all around me, Mom, and most of it is mine. I hear the medic say, Mom, I'll die in a short time.I just wanted to tell you, Mom, I swear I didn't drink. It was the others, Mom. The others didn't think.He was probably at the same party as I. The only difference is, he drank and I will die.Why do people drink, Mom? It can ruin your whole life. I'm feeling sharp pains now, Mom, pains just like a knife. The guy who hit me is walking, Mom, and I don't think it's fair. I'm lying here dying, Mom, and all he can do is stare.Tell my brother not to cry, Mom, tell Daddy to be brave. And when I go to heaven, Mom, put "Daddy's Girl" on my grave. Someone should have told him, Mom, not to drink and drive. If only they had told him, Mom, I would still be alive. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  5. My breath is getting shorter, Mom. I'm becoming very scared. Please don't cry for me, Mom. When I needed you, you were always there.I have one last question, Mom, before I say good bye. I didn't drink and drive, Mom, so why am I the one to die? http://www.sayno.com/innocent.html SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  6. Alcohols • Organic Alcohols (R-OH) • Methanol CH3OH (wood alcohol) • More toxic than ethanol LD50 = 428 mg/Kg • Ethanol C2H5OH (grain alcohol, EtOH) • Lethal Dose LD50 (LD to 50% of the people) = 7060 mg/kg of body weight • Brain- CNS depressant • Propanol C3H7OH (isopropyl alcohol, rubbing alcohol) • More toxic than Ethanol (3600 mg/Kg) SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  7. Others Alcoholic Drinks • Brandy. Brandy is distilled wine made from grapes. Other fruit based liquors can be used (must be clearly identified. E.g.: Cherry Brandy). Brandy is aged in wooden casks until it is mature. Once it has been bottled however, it ceases to mature. • Gin. Made from malted barley and rye and usually flavored using juniper and other botanicals. (Occasionally it is made from corn or molasses). • Rum. Distilled from fermented sugar cane. Traditionally, Rum has a distinctive brown color, but Light Rum is also produced by rapid fermentation. • Whiskey or Whisky. Made from fermented grain. Fermentation is started by adding yeast or the residue from previous fermentation before distillation. • Sherry. Sherry is a fortified wine in which Brandy has been added to increase the alcohol content to 15.5% to 18%. [Sherry can only be produced in the Jerez Region in the southern Spain, and any similar products made elsewhere must be called 'Fortified Wine’]. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  8. Ethanol Metabolism • Ingested alcohol passes down the esophagus and into the stomach and on into the small intestine. The majority of the ethyl alcohol is absorbed from the stomach (approx. 20%) and the small intestine (approx. 80%). More alcohol will result in increased blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). A number of factors can influence ethyl alcohol absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.  • Gastric emptying - the faster gastric emptying, the more rapid absorption. Food delays gastric emptying and therefore delays absorption of ethyl alcohol. The type of food does not seem to be a factor. Physical exercise also delays gastric emptying. Drugs (e.g. nicotine, marijuana, and ginseng), may modify physiological factors regulating gastric emptying. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  9. Alcohol Effects • Mild Intoxication(BAC = 0.050 %w/v) - Feeling of warmth, skin flushed, impaired judgment, decreased inhibitions. • Obvious Intoxication in most people (BAC = 0.100 %w/v) - Increased impaired judgment, inhibition, attention, slowed reflexes. • Obvious Intoxication in all "normal" people (BAC = 0.150 %w/v) - General lack of muscle coordination, slurred speech, double vision, memory and comprehension loss. • Extreme intoxication (BAC = 0.250 %w/v) - Reduced responsiveness, inability to stand, vomitting, incontinence, sleepiness. • Coma occurs around 0.350 %w/v and death is likely at 0.500 %w/v. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson % w/v is g per 100 mL

  10. How much is too much? Use the intoximeter drink wheel. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  11. Ethanol Testing • Breath Testing - direct relationship between BAC and amount of alcohol vapor in breath. • Henry’s Law - When a volatile compound is dissolved in a liquid in equilibrium with the air, there is a fixed ratio between the concentration of the volatile compound in the air and its concentration in the liquid (remains constant for a fixed temperature). • When alcohol in blood is brought into equilibrium with air (lungs), there is a fixed ratio between the concentration of alcohol in air and the BAC. • Measure the concentration of alcohol in air tells the BAC quite reliably. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  12. Ethanol Testing Breath Alcohol Testing: collects and measures alcohol content of alveolar breath. • Ratio of alcohol in the blood to alcohol in alveoli air is 2100 to 1 (1 mL of blood to 2100 mL of alveolar breath). • Use Henry’s Law to determine BAC. • Determines BAC in pulmonary artery. May not be the same as venous blood but is most reflective of alcohol getting to the brain. • Spectrophotometer measures absorption of light through potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 . • Alcohol reacts with dichromate so less dichromate means more alcohol. Indirect Method. • Some use infrared light to measure alcohol in chamber directly. Direct Method. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  13. Breathalyzer • Alcohol reacts with K2CrO4 to form acetic acid. • Amount of K2CrO4 consumed is related to amount of alcohol presnt. • Spec. determination of amount of K2CrO4 consumed. • Determine alcohol content in sample. • Calculate BAC. Sample Chamber (52.5 mL) Piston 3 mL of 0.025% K2CrO4 Exhaled Breath • Ratio of alcohol in the blood to alcohol in alveoli air is 2100 to 1 (1 mL of blood to 2100 ml of alveolar breath). Alcohol in 52.5 mL of exhaled air is equivalent amt. In 1/40 mL of blood. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

  14. Legal Aspects • Federal Law - driving on road gives “implied consent” for testing (either take test or lose license). • Schmerber v. California • Pled 5th Amendment (not to self-incriminate). • Supreme court ruled against him, stating the 5th Amendment protects testimonial evidence not physical evidence - therefore, he had to give his blood for testing. • Ruled against Schmerber on Search and seizure stating that blood sampling is an “emergency” procedure since by the time a search warrant was obtained the BAC would have dropped (destruction of evidence) • Sample must be taken in a medically acceptable way without unreasonable force and related to an accident or arrest. SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

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  16. If you drink and drive . . . Jacqui’s story SUPA Forenscis - CHE 113 - Revenson

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