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Early Americans

Early Americans. Beringia land bridge: possible migration route. Glaciers Thick sheets of ice. Bering Strait. Bering evolution. Native Americans Descendents of the first people to reach America Artifacts - tools, baskets, weapons- objects made by people

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Early Americans

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  1. Early Americans

  2. Beringia land bridge: possible migration route Glaciers Thick sheets of ice

  3. Bering Strait Bering evolution

  4. Native Americans • Descendents of the first people to reach America • Artifacts- tools, baskets, weapons- objects made by people • Archaeology- (2)study of evidence left by early people • Study artifacts, technology, and carbon dating • Culture- way of life that people develop (homes, arts, gov) pass from generation to generation

  5. Great Serpent Mound in Ohio

  6. Cahokia MoundsState Historic Site,Illinois

  7. Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico

  8. Pueblo Indians

  9. Hohokams (3) Farming society, S. ArizonaDug large irrigation systems- bring water to dry landAnasaziAlso farming- irrigationAdobe- walls of stone and sun dried brickPueblos- villages- hundreds of families Cliff Dwellings- protect from warlike neighbors Built along cliffs- toeholds to climb On top crops Abandoned- drought- long dry spell

  10. Anasazi cliff dwellers

  11. Cliff dwellers

  12. People of North America • Culture area- region where people share same way of life • Tribe- group of villages, share common customs, rituals, language • 10 major culture areas- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Basin, Plateau, California, Great Plains, Southeast, Eastern Woodlands, Northwest Coast, Middle America

  13. Eskimo (Inuit- people of the Arctic) Igloo- houses of snow & ice- seal oil heat

  14. Subarctic- moved due to limited resources- fur traders • Northwest Coast- dentalia shells= money • Permanent villages- potlatch big dinner demonstrate how much you have = power gave everyone presents

  15. Great Basin- dry climate, little water- moved a lot • Plateau- fresh rivers • California- many dif climates resources

  16. Southwest • pueblos- Spanish name for people of the SW- made up of sev groups- descendents of Anasazi--- kiva- underground religious chamber • Kachinas- masked spirit dancers (see back board) rain dance- fam line traced through moms- women politically strong • Apaches & Navajo- sometimes raided pueblos for food • Navajos- Hogans- homes made of mud plaster over wooden poles • Apaches- moved around following herds

  17. Great Plains • homes- sod & thickly matted grass • Travois- sled pulled by dogs to carry their goods • Village ruling class by best hunters • 1700’s change- caught and tamed wild horses (brought from Spain 200 years ago) • Less farming more hunting- could travel far- built tepees- cone shaped tents made of buffalo hides

  18. Southeast • home to more NA than any other region • Men & women different roles- religious ceremonies linked to farming • Natchez- 13 month calendar named for food or animal grown or hunted • Religious beliefs- worshipped sun- leader “The Great Sun” worshipped as a god- family=Little Suns >nobles>honored people>Stinkards (majority) • Marriage- helped change class Nobles had to marry Stinkards (why?)

  19. People of the Eastern Woodland • Iroquois (NY most powerful) • Built long houses- wood poles with bark 150 ft long x 20 ft wide • Women- owned all household property (like Pueblos) marry live w/ wife family- chose clan leaders=political power • Clan- group of 2 or more related families • Iroquois- 5 nations= Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Cayuga, Onandaga • Hiawatha- formed league to end fighting • League of the Iroquois- governing alliance • Sachem- chose tribal leaders- met once year vote discuss issues • All nations must agree to do anything • Strong defensive alliance against enemies

  20. Iroquoislonghouse

  21. Iroquois people

  22. Native Americans

  23. Comprehension • 1.Native American Cultures adapted to their environment: • Great Plains- tepees & travois- winter travel after buffalo, summer fish or plant near water- horses • Navajo & Apache- hogans- hunters or raid Pueblos • 2. Farming Hunting • Stay in one place nomad- wander after food • 3. Pueblo, Long House Tepee

  24. Critical Thinking • Religion major role- worshiped according to harvest, hunting, etc • Ex. Natchez calendar, Kiva- rain dance for harvest • Iroquois League compared to today • United Nations • US Government • Founding fathers looked to Iroquois for advice while creating new nation

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