Early Homes – Native Americans – 17 th Century

1. Early Homes – Native Americans – 17th Century Mrs. Wagner Fashion & Interior Design

2. Native Americans • 2 Main influences – Environment & Culture • Common Characteristics: - Dirt Floors - No Windows/Chimney - Dark, Smokey & Crowded - Open Fire – Cooking/Warmth - Little Furniture

3. Types of Native American Housing • Teepee/Wigwam – Hunters – easily moved • Longhouse – Farming Tribes – permanent villages: Rectangular frame with barrel shaped roof – several families used • Pueblos – houses built on top of each other into cliffs, caves and on level ground. Made from Adobe – clay formed into sun-dried bricks

5. Wigwams

6. Longhouses

7. Pueblo

8. Early Colonist • English Styles - Jamestown VA, Plymouth MA – 1st Settlements • Good examples at Colonial Williamsburg, VA.

9. 1. Half-Timbered House - Wood frame of the house formed part of outside wall – filled with brick or plaster - Thatch Roofs – bundles of reeds or straw - Shingles – thin oblong pieces of wood, laid in overlapping rows- cover roofs & sides - Clapboards – boards with one edge thicker than the other – laid in overlapping rows.

11. Thatch Roof

12. Shingles & Clapboards

13. 2. Cape Cod House (NE) • Simple rectangular design – 4 rooms • 1 – ½ stories – Wood siding, central doorway and small paned windows with shutters • Central Chimney • Pitched or Gable Roof – forms a triangle at ends (gables) – Symmetrical • Gambrel Roof – 2 slopes on each side – upper slope being flatter – allowed more space on 2nd Story – Called Cape Ann

14. Cape Cod with Gable Roof

15. Cape Cod (Ann) with Gambrel Roof

16. 3. Saltbox • 2 Story house with pitched roof with 1 story added (lean-to) and roof extended • Named after boxes that colonist used to store salt in.

19. 4. The Garrison House • 2nd Story overhangs and projects from the 1st Story – borrowed from medieval English Architecture • Gable Roof & Central fireplace • Wood siding on walls and corners of overhang are decorated with hand-carved brackets

21. German Influence • Built in Pennsylvania – called Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial Homes • Large houses with wood and quarry/field stone • Small roof ledges called Hoods or Pent Roofs - between the first & 2nd floors

24. Pent Roof

25. Dutch Influence • Dutch Colonial • Stone and Brick houses – up to 5 stories • Decorative Brick work & intricate steeped gables • Dormers – Structures projecting through roof – add windows • Dutch doors – divided in ½ horizontally • Wide Front Porch – roof extends over • Common in NY & Delaware • Gambrel roof or steep pitched gable roofs, central entrance, non centered chimney, small paned windows and shutters

28. Swedish Influence • Log Cabin 0- 2 rooms with attic/loft • As people moved westward – cleared lands for farming – used trees for housing.

30. Spanish Influence • Florida – SW • White or tinted Stucco Walls- plaster material made of cement, sand & limestone • Low pitched tile roofs • Coquina – soft porous limestone composed of shells & coral • Rectangular with balconies • Adobe walls

32. French Style • NY State, Canada • High steep roofs • Small windows with heavy shutters • French Normandy – earliest style: Rectangular with hip roofs or gable roofs with central turret • 1 ½ - 2 ½ stories high with brick stone or stucco walls – some half-timbered • South – added balconies – LA – and Plantation style added large porches

33. French Normandy Style

34. French Plantation House/LA Style